164 Chapter Six 11.7 Hz, 3 JHH = 7.0 Hz, Hd), 4.49 (1H, dd, 2 JHH = 11.3 Hz, 3 JHH = 5.9 Hz, He), 4.59-4.65 (1H, m, CHCl), 5.25 (1H, d, 3 JHH = 10.2 Hz, Hb), 5.39 (1H, ap.dt, 3 JHH = 16.8 Hz, 2 JHH = 4 JHH = 1.2 Hz, Ha), 5.89 (1H, ddd, 3 JHH = 16.8 Hz, 3 JHH = 10.2 Hz, 3 JHH = 7.8 Hz, Hc), 7.65 (2H, dm, 3 JHH = 8.2 Hz, ArH-3), 8.10 (1H, dm, 3 JHH = 8.6 Hz, ArH-2); δC 58.6 (CHCl), 67.5 (OCH2), 119.6 (CHCH2), 123.6 (q, 1 JCF = 272.9 Hz, ArCF3), 125.5 (ArCH-3), 130.2 (ArCH- 2), 132.8 (ArC-1), 134.2 (CHCH2), 134.8 (q, 2 JCF = 32.7 Hz, ArC-4), 164.8 (C=O); δF -63.2 (3F, s, CF3). m/z (EI + ) 278 ([M] + , 6 %), 173 ([M-OCH2CHClCH=CH2] + , 68 %), 88 ([M- CF3C6H4COOH] + , 100 %). HRMS (EI) 278.03186 (C12H10O2ClF3 requires 278.03189). 6.3 Experimental Details for Chapter 3 6.3.1 Preparation <strong>of</strong> Bis[�-chloro-bis(butenyl-(1,2,3-�)-benzoate]dipalladium (125) The novel compound was prepared following <strong>the</strong> method outlined by Granberg et al. [13] A 50 cm 3 , two-necked round- bottom flask was equipped with a magnetic stirring bar <strong>and</strong> Rotaflo tap <strong>and</strong> attached to a Schlenk line. After flame-drying under high vacuum, <strong>the</strong> flask was cooled <strong>and</strong> filled with nitrogen. Pd(dba)2 (1.23 g, 2.13 mmol) was added to <strong>the</strong> reaction flask in a dry box. Subsequently, <strong>the</strong> flask was reattached to <strong>the</strong> Schlenk line, filled with nitrogen <strong>and</strong> charged with 2-chlorobut-3-enyl benzoate (0.45 g, 2.13 mmol) <strong>and</strong> DMSO (30 cm 3 ). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n quenched with water (30 cm 3 ) <strong>and</strong> chlor<strong>of</strong>orm (30 cm 3 ). The organic phase was separated, washed with water (3 x 20 cm 3 ), dried over MgSO4 <strong>and</strong> concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow solid. Purification by column chromatography [DCM: hexane (70:30)] afforded <strong>the</strong> product as a yellow solid (0.48 g, 71 %). Elemental analysis: Found: C, 41.71; H, 3.45. Calc. for C22H22Cl2O4Pd2: C, 41.67; H, 3.50 %. δH 2.98 (1H, d, 3 JHH = 12.1 Hz, Ha), 3.79 (1H, dt, 3 JHH = 11.0 Hz, 3 JHH = 5.5 Hz, Hd), 4.01 (1H, d, 3 JHH = 6.7 Hz, Hb), 4.41 (2H, m, OCHAHB), 5.54 (1H, ddd, 3 JHH = 12.1 Hz, 3 JHH = 11.0 Hz, 3 JHH = 7.0 Hz, Hc), 7.38 (2H, tm, 3 JHH = 7.8 Hz, ArH-3), 7.51 (1H, tm, 3 JHH = 7.4 Hz, ArH- 4), 8.01 (2H, dm, 3 JHH = 7.0 Hz, ArH-2); δC 61.4 (CHCH2), 63.7 (OCH2), 75.9 (OCH2CH), 110.7 (CHCH2), 128.4 (ArCH-3), 129.7 (ArC-1), 129.8 (ArCH-2), 133.2 (ArCH-4), 166.1 (C=O). m/z (FAB + ) 599 ([M-Cl] + , 100 %), 634 ([M] + , 8 %).
6.3.2 Preparation <strong>of</strong> Bis[�-chloro-bis(butenyl-(1,2,3-�)oxy)methyl) benzene] dipalladium (126) 165 Chapter Six The novel compound was prepared following <strong>the</strong> method outlined by Granberg et al. [13] A 50 cm 3 , two-necked round- bottom flask was equipped with a magnetic stirring bar <strong>and</strong> Rotaflo tap <strong>and</strong> attached to a Schlenk line. After flame-drying under high vacuum, <strong>the</strong> flask was cooled <strong>and</strong> filled with nitrogen. Pd(dba)2 (0.85 g, 1.47 mmol) was added to <strong>the</strong> reaction flask in a dry box. Subsequently, <strong>the</strong> flask was reattached to <strong>the</strong> Schlenk line, filled with nitrogen <strong>and</strong> charged with ((2-chlorobut-3-enyloxy)methyl)benzene (0.29 g, 1.47 mmol) <strong>and</strong> DMSO (15 cm 3 ). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n quenched with water (15 cm 3 ) <strong>and</strong> chlor<strong>of</strong>orm (20 cm 3 ). The organic phase was separated, washed with water (3 x 10 cm 3 ), dried over MgSO4 <strong>and</strong> concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow solid. Purification by column chromatography [DCM: hexane (70:30)] afforded <strong>the</strong> product as a yellow solid (0.28 g, 63 %). δH 2.91 (1H, d, 3 JHH = 12.1 Hz, Ha), 3.51 (1H, dd, 2 JHH = 13.3 Hz, 3 JHH = 6.3 He), 3.62 (1H, dd, 2 JHH = 13.3 Hz, 3 JHH = 3.1 Hz, Hf), 3.78 (1H, ddd, 3 JHH = 10.6 Hz, 3 JHH = 6.3 Hz, 3 JHH = 3.1 Hz, Hd), 3.93 (1H, d, 3 JHH = 6.7 Hz, Hb), 4.48 (1H, d, 2 JHH = 11.7 Hz, CHHAr), 4.57 (1H, d, 2 JHH = 11.7 Hz, CHHAr), 5.45 (1H, ddd, 3 JHH = 12.1 Hz, 3 JHH = 11.0 Hz, 3 JHH = 6.7 Hz, Hc), 7.22-7.30 (5H, m, ArH); δC 60.3 (CHCH2), 69.0 (OCH2), 73.2 (ArCH2), 79.5 (OCH2CH), 109.5 (CHCH2), 127.8 (ArCH-3), 128.0 (ArCH-2), 128.5 (ArCH-4), 138.0 (ArC-1). m/z (FAB + ) 571 ([M-Cl] + ), 100 %, 606 ([M] + , 10 %). 6.3.3 Preparation <strong>of</strong> Bis[�-chloro-bis(butenyl-(1,2,3-�)-4-methylbenzoate] dipalladium (131) The novel compound was prepared following <strong>the</strong> method outlined by Granberg et al. [13] A 50 cm 3 , two-necked round- bottom flask was equipped with a magnetic stirring bar <strong>and</strong> Rotaflo tap <strong>and</strong> attached to a Schlenk line. After flame-drying under high vacuum, <strong>the</strong> flask was cooled <strong>and</strong> filled with nitrogen. Pd(dba)2 (0.56 g, 0.97 mmol) was added to <strong>the</strong> reaction flask in a dry box. Subsequently, <strong>the</strong> flask was reattached to <strong>the</strong> Schlenk line, filled with nitrogen <strong>and</strong> charged with 2-chlorobut-3-enyl 4-
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Synthesis and Comparison of the Rea
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Acknowledgements Firstly, I would l
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2.2.2.1.1 Synthesis of 1-(Benzyloxy
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6.2.12 Preparation of 2-(4-trimethy
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6.4.12 Experimental Data for Dimeth
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AgF ap Bn Bz CsF d DAST dba DCM DME
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Chapter one
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2 Chapter One potentially explosive
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4 Chapter One ortho-biphenyl trifla
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6 Chapter One 2,10 (3,3-dichlorocam
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8 Chapter One both enantiomers were
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10 Chapter One poor to moderate ena
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Scheme 1.10 Fluorination of (17) 12
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14 Chapter One fluorine donors, Lew
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1.3 Enantioselective Nucleophilic F
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Scheme 1.16 Fluorination of (32) 18
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20 Chapter One (iii) SN2’ type su
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22 Chapter One cytotoxicity in the
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24 Chapter One Manabe and Ishikawa
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Scheme 1.25 Synthesis of (41)-(44)
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Figure 1.12 �-fluorinated NSAIDs
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1.6 Thesis Outline 30 Chapter One T
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32 Chapter One [26] M. Abdul-Ghani,
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[79] M. Schlosser, D. Michael, Z.-W
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2.1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of All
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37 Chapter Two In dehydroxyfluorina
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Scheme 2.6 Fluorination with IF5/Et
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41 Chapter Two desired allylic fluo
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43 Chapter Two c) Formation of a su
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Scheme 2.14 Reaction of cis-3-methy
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Substrate (60) (61) (62) (63) R = O
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Alcohol Product Yield (%) Table 2.7
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51 Chapter Two completion. This ena
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53 Chapter Two Chapter Three. Follo
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55 Chapter Two Two allyl alcohols w
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57 Chapter Two The conversion of (8
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Starting substrate (88) (89) (90) (
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Starting substrate (99) (76) (77) (
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63 Chapter Two Both (105) and (104)
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Scheme 2.25 Mechanistic pathway for
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2.3 Conclusions 67 Chapter Two The
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[28] D. F. Taber, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
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Chapter THRee
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72 Chapter Three Kurosawa reacted a
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74 Chapter Three These results demo
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76 Chapter Three More recently, wor
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3.2 Results and Discussion 3.2.1 Re
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80 Chapter Three Starting substrate
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82 Chapter Three Figure 3.4 Crystal
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Scheme 3.12 Oxidative addition of 1
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86 Chapter Three when the reaction
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88 Chapter Three Therefore, from th
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-140 -140 -140 -140 -140 -150 -150
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92 Chapter Three monitored for 80 m
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3.4 References [1] W. T. Dent, R. L
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Chapter Four
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97 Chapter Four nucleophilic substi
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99 Chapter Four Further reactions w
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Figure 4.3 Structure of co-product
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4.2.2 Reactions of palladium cation
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105 Chapter Four substituents on th
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107 Chapter Four The desired produc
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109 Chapter Four The reaction of (1
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111 Chapter Four were both reacted
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[28] D. Landini, A. Maia, A. Rampol
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XIV Appendix A10 Crystal data and s
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A12 Lecture Courses Attended XVI Ap
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A14 Conferences Attended RSC Organi