Advisory Committee on Pesticides Annual Report 2001

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Section F: Other items considered during the year from 56 percent to 32 percent. This may have been due to the increased uptake of crop assurance schemes, whose aim is to prevent the contamination of stored products, from rodent damage/fouling and from accidental spillage of rodenticide bait inside buildings. The proportion of rodenticides purchased as concentrates in 1998 remained close to a quarter of the total principal active substances used, as in 1996. There had been a decrease in the use of ready-to-use formulations from 47 percent in 1996 to 39 percent in 1998 and also a subsequent increase in both contact dusts (20 percent in 1996 to 22 percent in 1998) and sachets (11 percent to 13 percent). There had been a further rise in the amount of bait applied by farmers as opposed to contractors. In 1994 farmers applied 55 percent of the principal six active substances. In 1996 this had risen to 75 percent, and in 1998 farmers applied 82 percent. This may have resulted from the increasing cost of employing a contractor as well as an increase in the number of the ’user friendly’ formulations available on the market such as sachets, contact dusts and wax blocks. Report 164: Protected crops (edible and ornamental) in Great Britain 1999 This report presented information on all aspects of pesticide usage on protected crops, both edible and ornamental, grown in Great Britain in 1999. More than 188 distinct crop types were encountered in the survey and data on pesticide usage were collected during visits by pesticide usage surveyors to 377 holdings throughout Great Britain. The total area surveyed represented 30 percent of the area of all protected crops grown in Great Britain in 1999, while the area visited in each region was proportional to the area of protected crops grown in that region. The data on the area of pesticide treatments and the amounts of active substances applied had been extrapolated to give estimates of national pesticide usage on protected crops. Information was also presented concerning the extent of usage of biological control agents. 65 Edible crops accounted for 38 percent of the total area of protected crops grown in 1999. Usage of all biological control agents accounted for 51 percent of the total treated area for pest, disease and weed control on edible crops, although no such usage was recorded on lettuce, celery or edible plants in propagation. Fungicides accounted for 27 percent of the total treated area, insecticides 14 percent, acaricides three percent and sulphur two percent.
<strong>Advisory</strong> <strong>Committee</strong> on Pesticides Annual Report 2001 Encarsia formosa and Phytoseiulus persimilis were the most extensively used biological control agents on edible crops. The most extensively used fungicides were propamocarb hydrochloride, iprodione, fosetyl-aluminium, metalaxyl/thiram and tolclofos-methyl. The organophosphates were the most extensively used group of insecticides and were used on 36 percent of the total insecticide-treated area. The pyrethroids were used on 34 percent of the insecticide-treated area and the carbamates 19 percent. The most extensively used individual insecticides were cypermethrin, pirimicarb and heptenophos. Fenbutatin oxide was used on 42 percent of the acaricide-treated area and abamectin on 32 percent. 66 Although the area of edible protected crops had declined by 38 percent since 1991 the area treated with registered pesticides had decreased by 52 percent. In contrast, since 1991, the area treated with non-registered biological control agents decreased, by 42 percent, in line with changes in the area grown. Usage of registered biological control agents had declined by 77 percent since 1991. The areas treated with all registered pesticides had declined by 26 percent, between 1995 and 1999, and in particular fungicide usage had decreased by 33 percent, insecticides by five percent, molluscicides by 71 percent and herbicides by 42 percent. Only the areas treated with sulphur had increased since 1995. The weight of registered active substances applied to edible protected crops had decreased by 60 percent since 1991 and by 15 percent since the last survey. Soil sterilants accounted for less than one percent of the treated area but for 50 percent of the total weight of active substances applied. The total area of protected ornamental crops grown in 1999 was 84 percent greater than in 1995 and 34 percent greater than in 1991. With the exception of other “flowers and foliage”, where the area grown had increased by 21 percent since 1995, the areas of all other flowers for cutting had declined markedly, reflecting the increased pressure from imports. The area of pinks had declined by 55 percent, carnations by 40 percent, chrysanthemums by 21 percent and alstroemeria by four percent. Growth regulators accounted for 35 percent of the total area of protected ornamental crops treated for pest, disease and weed control, fungicides 29 percent, insecticides 26 percent, acaricides five percent, herbicides two percent, molluscicides one percent and registered biological control agents one percent. When all biological control agents were included, the level of biological control increased to 15 percent of the combined total. Soil sterilants
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Advisory Committee on Pesticides Annual Report 2001

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