Advisory Committee on Pesticides Annual Report 2001

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Section F: Other items considered during the year accounted for less than one percent of the area of ornamental crops treated but for 55 percent of the weight applied. Usage of daminozide accounted for over half of the area of ornamentals treated with growth regulators. Two fungicides accounted for 41 percent of the total fungicide-treated area of protected ornamental crops: chlorothalonil 21 percent, and iprodione 20 percent. The organophosphates were again the most extensively used group of insecticides and accounted for 28 percent of the insecticide-treated area, the pyrethroids 25 percent and the carbamates 16 percent. The most extensively used individual insecticides were pirimicarb 14 percent, cypermethrin 14 percent, deltamethrin 11 percent, heptenophos 11 percent, dichlorvos ten percent and nicotine nine percent. Two species accounted for 53 percent of the biological control agent treated area: Encarsia formosa 28 percent and Aphidius colemani 25 percent. Two acaricides accounted for 85 percent of the acaricide-treated area of ornamental crops, abamectin 56 percent and bifenthrin 28 percent. While the area of protected ornamental crops had increased by 84 percent since 1995, the area treated with registered pesticides increased by 61 percent over the same period. There had been increases in the use of both fungicides, 64 percent, and insecticides, two percent, between 1995 and 1999. However, the use of growth regulators, mainly for bedding plants and pot plants, had increased to ten times the area recorded in 1995. The use of registered and other biological control agents had decreased by 45 percent. In line with the increases in the areas treated, the weight of registered pesticides applied had increased by 68 percent since 1995. 67 Report 165: Mushroom crops in Great Britain 1999 This report presented information concerning all aspects of pesticide usage on mushrooms grown in Great Britain in a 12-month period during the 1999 growing season. Data were collected during visits to 61 holdings growing mushrooms throughout Great Britain, representing 52 percent of total mushroom production. The holdings surveyed in each region were proportional to the production of mushrooms grown in that region and the data on the area of pesticide treatments and the amount of active substances applied had been extrapolated to give estimates of national usage. Since 1995 there had been a 39 percent reduction in the production area of mushrooms. This has been accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the area treated of 40 percent but a reduction in the weight of pesticides applied, mainly disinfectants, of 90 percent.
<strong>Advisory</strong> <strong>Committee</strong> on Pesticides Annual Report 2001 Fungicides accounted for 37 percent of the total pesticide-treated area of mushrooms grown in Great Britain in 1999, disinfectants 36 percent, insecticides 25 percent, biological control agents two percent and tar oils less than one percent. In contrast, disinfectants accounted for 80 percent of the total weight of pesticide active substances applied, fungicides for 16 percent, insecticides four percent, and tar oil less than one percent. By area treated, the most extensively used fungicides were prochloraz, accounting for 88 percent of the total fungicide-treated area, used mainly during production, and carbendazim, comprising 11 percent, used during both production and casing. By weight applied, prochloraz accounted for 71 percent of the total fungicides applied, with carbendazim comprising a further 27 percent. 68 The most extensively used insecticide formulations were permethrin (48 percent), pyrethrins/resmethrin (18 percent), diflubenzuron (17 percent), and methoprene (11 percent). The use of gamma-HCH was confined to periods between flushes or when the mushroom house was empty. By weight applied, diflubenzuron, used mainly during pre-production, accounted for 65 percent of the total. In terms of area treated, sodium hypochlorite (81 percent) and formaldehyde (18 percent) were the two main registered disinfectants recorded. Unlike previous surveys conducted in 1991 and 1995, no acaricides or soil sterilants were recorded in 1999. Overall, the area treated with insecticides had more than halved, (59 percent), since 1995, while the use of fungicides had declined by 29 percent over the same period. The change in insecticide use was principally the result of a reduced use of pyrethrins/resmethrin, diflubenzuron, diazinon, gamma-HCH and dichlorvos. Use of the fungicides azaconazole and thiabendazole, both accounting for large areas in 1995, was not recorded in the current survey. By weight applied, insecticide usage had decreased by 91 percent, mainly resulting from a reduced use of diazinon, which has lost its approval status since 1995, diflubenzuron, pyrethrins/resmethrin, dichlorvos and permethrin. The weight of methoprene applied had increased by 19 percent. Fungicide usage decreased 74 percent by weight applied, due to the use of azaconazole not being recorded in this survey. Use of carbendazim, prochloraz and dichlorophen had also fallen.
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Advisory Committee on Pesticides Annual Report 2001

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