Advisory Committee on Pesticides Annual Report 2001

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Section F: Other items considered during the year The most frequently used growth regulators by area treated were paclobutrazol, 62 percent, gibberellins, 34 percent, and carbaryl, three percent, with paclobutrazol and carbaryl accounting for 50 percent and 44 percent respectively by weight applied. The most extensively used acaricides were amitraz, which accounted for 42 percent of the acaricide-treated area, fenpyroximate, used on 34 percent, and clofentezine, comprising a further 20 percent. By weight applied, amitraz accounted for 83 percent of the total. Tebufenpyrad was the only acaricide/insecticide recorded. Biological control agents represented less than one percent of all pesticide usage, with Bacillus thuringiensis being the only agent recorded. Anthracene oil was the only defoliant recorded. Report 173: Hops in Great Britain 2000 This report presented information concerning all aspects of pesticide usage on hops in England and Wales during the 2000 cropping season. Information was collected from visits to 41 holdings, which represented 32 percent of the total area of hops grown. Data collected on the area of pesticide treatments and the amount of active substances applied had been extrapolated to give estimates of national pesticide usage. 71 There had been a continual decrease in the area of hops grown in recent years, with the area grown in 2000 being 35 percent less than in 1992 and 32 percent less than at the time of the previous survey in 1996. Since 1996, there had been a 26 percent decrease in the total pesticide-treated area, and a 54 percent decrease in the weight of active substances applied. Pest and disease control in hops is frequently achieved using routine spray programmes, particularly in the case of protectant fungicide sprays to control downy and powdery mildew. On average, crops received 14 separate spray applications, 25 products (including repeat applications of the same product) and 30 active substances (including repeat applications of the same active substance). Fungicides accounted for 59 percent of the total pesticide-treated area of hops grown in England and Wales in 2000, herbicides 19 percent, acaricides eight percent, sulphur six percent, insecticides four percent, defoliants three percent and molluscicides and tar oils less than one percent. In terms of the weight of active substances applied, herbicides accounted for 34 percent of the total, fungicides 23 percent, defoliants 23 percent, sulphur 12 percent, tar oils seven percent, acaricides, insecticides and all other groups less than one percent.
<strong>Advisory</strong> <strong>Committee</strong> on Pesticides Annual Report 2001 The most extensively used fungicide formulations were copper oxychloride/ metalaxyl, pyrazophos, copper oxychloride, fenpropimorph, zineb and myclobutanil, which together accounted for 83 percent of the total area of fungicides used. In terms of weight applied, copper oxychloride was the most important fungicide formulation, accounting for 31 percent of the total. Sulphur accounted for six percent of the total area treated and 12 percent of the weight applied, reflecting its high rate of application. The most extensively used herbicide formulations were diquat/paraquat, used mainly for defoliation, sodium monochloroacetate, again for defoliation, and simazine and glyphosate, used mainly for general weed control, all of which accounted for 90 percent of the area treated with herbicides. The most extensively used acaricide was tebufenpyrad, which accounted for 60 percent of the area treated with acaricides and was used mainly to control red spider mites. 72 The most extensively used insecticide was imidacloprid, which accounted for 81 percent of the insecticide-treated area, applied primarily to the ‘hills’ in the hop garden or yard. Insecticide usage had decreased by 23 percent from that in 1996 and by 80 percent from that in 1992. The decrease in insecticide usage overall reflected dramatic declines for all major insecticide groups including carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids. The introduction of imidacloprid has radically changed insecticide usage on hops, with a single application on many crops being made early in the year to give all-season control of the damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli (Schrank). The area treated with defoliants and tar oils combined accounted for three percent of the total area treated and 30 percent of the weight applied in 2000. The use of tar oil as a defoliant had decreased by 79 percent since 1996 in terms of area treated and by 84 percent of weight applied, reflecting the continued move towards anthracene oil as a defoliant. Report 179: Farm grain stores in Great Britain 1998/1999 This report presented data from 1,858 replies from a preliminary questionnaire sent to 2,997 arable holdings in Great Britain and the results from visits to 444 holdings both using pesticides and storing grain from the 1998 harvest in Great Britain. Data had been extrapolated to give national estimates of usage in Great Britain. A total of almost 18 million tonnes of grain was stored of which 74 percent was in flat stores, and the remainder being stored in bins or silos.
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Advisory Committee on Pesticides Annual Report 2001

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