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Standard of living of Rural Fisher Folk in southern coastal districts of Tamil Nadu ABSTRACT R. Karthikeyan, Ph.D., Research Scholar, Dr. S. Ramesh Kumar, Associate Professor and Head, Dr. G. Padma Parvathy & G.Subbulakshmi, Research Department of Commerce, V.O.C College, Tuticorin, India. The aim of the present study is to examine the standard of living of rural fisher folk. Home and fishing field interviews of 926 randomly selected fisher folk representing all southern coastal districts of Tamil Nadu. Majority of the fisher folk resided in tiled house get medical treatment in private hospital. Most of the fisher folk do not have toilet facility in their house. The study also found that the educated respondents use scientific methods of fishing. All respondents consume essential food equally irrespective of their household sizes. Education and awareness programme is necessary to the fisher folk in using scientific method of fishing. Key words: Standard of living, Rural Fisher folk. INTRODUCTION Housing condition of fisher folk is generally not a satisfactory indicator of poverty, substandard housing is very common in the rural coastal belt, and majority of the fisher live in huts. They lack ownership of land and title deeds. Lack of availability amenities such as water, latrines, electricity the indicators of wealth and social status are average among the rural households (Dayananda, 2004). Fisher folk along the coastal area are social economically backward, and lack various basic amenities like education, drinking water, food. Thus their standard of living is not up to the expected level (Oladoja and Adeokun, 2009). Fisher folk along the rural coastal areas in Chennai dwell closest to the sea in thatched huts that are easily washed away by sea. Majority of the people do not even own a land, they live a poor quality of life. Their housing condition is very poor (Asha Krishna Kumar, 2010). Bay of Bengal Programme (1982) reported that nearly 60 per cent of the families go without any meal on some days. The major reason is low income due to low or no catch. As for food consumption vegetables, meat and milk are consumed occasionally, fish at least half the year. The children are born and brought up in remote fishing communities with limited or no access to education. Over 80% of children are illiterate in fisher folk community, while adult illiteracy is estimated at 60% (Lungu and Husken, 2010). 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 SAMPLE SIZE The quantitative data for the study was collected from 926 fisher folk randomly selected from all southern coastal districts of Tuticorin, Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Ramnad in Tamil Nadu. In the field work, the data were collected through a well structured questionnaire through personal interview mode at the residence of fisher folk and fisher folk in the sea shore after obtaining consent from them. 2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN The survey analyses the standard of living of rural fisher folk during the period of January 2010 to January 2013 as a part of Doctoral research work. The questionnaire was divided into four sections www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 134
(1) Measurement of standard of living (2) Consumption of essential food (3) Medical treatment during sickness (4) Fishing methods. 2.3 PILOT STUDY The questionnaire was pre-tested by collecting data from 90 respondents in rural coastal villages from November 2010 to January 2011. The questionnaire was revised and restructured based on the results of the pilot study. Some additional questions were added after evaluating the questionnaires in the pilot study. 2.4 DATA ANALYSIS The collected data were analysed by using a statistical package of SPSS 17.0. Scores for each category were calculated by assigning correct responses. Percentage analysis of standard of living is calculated and presented in tabular form. F test was used to analyse the consumption of essential food in different household size of fisher folk at 5% level of significance. Cross tabulation and chi square test have been used to find out the association between education level of fisher folk and their fishing methods among different age groups. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table -1 Standard of Living of Fisher Folk Available Non-available Total Electric Power Respondents 822 104 926 Percentage (88.8%) (11.2%) (100%) Telephone Respondents 566 360 926 Percentage (61.1%) (38.9%) (100%) Bike Respondents 155 771 926 Percentage (16.7%) (83.3%) (100%) Tri cycle Respondents 32 894 926 Percentage (3.5%) (96.5%) (100%) Television Respondents 747 179 926 Percentage (80.7%) (19.3%) (100%) Mixie Respondents 542 384 926 Percentage (58.5%) (41.5%) (100%) Grinder Respondents 393 533 926 Percentage (42.4%) (57.6%) (100%) Fridge Respondents 208 718 926 Percentage (22.5%) (77.5%) (100%) Washing Machine Respondents 69 857 926 Percentage (7.5%) (92.5%) (100%) Inverter Respondents 17 909 926 Percentage (1.8%) (98.2%) (100%) Air Conditioner Respondents 26 900 926 Percentage (2.8%) (97.2%) (100%) Toilet facility Respondents 522 404 926 Percentage (56.4%) (43.6%) (100%) Four wheeler Respondents 10 916 926 Percentage (1.1%) (98.9%) (100%) Source: Primary Data www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 135
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Table of Contents Articles PERFORMA
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servicing, and the policies not mee
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The Self-Help Group members get inc
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Are female workers more productive
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For the purpose of including explan
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several different, competing logist
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Fisher, R.T. (2001), “Role stress
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A Comparative Study of NPA of State
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processes. Instead of fixing target
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Agriculture Crisis and Sustainable
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Table 1. World Cereal production ,
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Expanding biofuel production The ex
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percent of the world’s population
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OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-
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It can provide the earnings needed
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The incubator will also work toward
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factor. This is not an easy proposi
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ROLE OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN LE
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During the last season red onion fa
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Table Mch2 Coef. Std. Err Z P>/Z/ A
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lack of capital. The local farmer o
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It may be seen that alleviation of
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Table - 2 Progress under Bharat Nir
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References Chandrasekhar, B P., et
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existing cooperative legislation, r
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1.3 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What
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Table 2: Earnings and Cost Allocati
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have an adequate amount of capital
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programs and the union was doing on
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total assets to other key areas, it
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esponded by (7.6%) of the members.
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management; Gohe cooperatives savin
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Significance of asset quality of St
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iii) iv) Doubtful Assets:- a) Doubt
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atios and solvency ratios are taken
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Ratio of around 3% during 2007-08,
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sufficient to draw an inference in
Page 76 and 77: The observed R 2 and F statistics m
Page 78 and 79: Board Composition, Ownership Struct
Page 80 and 81: size as well. During our study it w
Page 82 and 83: standards prevailing in the country
Page 84 and 85: The procedure produces two tests of
Page 86 and 87: hoc test for pair wise comparisons
Page 88 and 89: e said that the board size affects
Page 90 and 91: high-tech small and medium-sized en
Page 92 and 93: Table no.8 - Multiple Comparisons T
Page 94 and 95: Abstract Corporate Social Responsib
Page 96 and 97: the participation of various level
Page 98 and 99: Supplier Relations As stakeholders
Page 100 and 101: CSR initiatives of companies should
Page 102 and 103: Corporate Social Responsibility Pra
Page 104 and 105: 2011, this district received surplu
Page 106 and 107: In the case of marginal farmers and
Page 108 and 109: Findings From the above analysis it
Page 110 and 111: 2. Innovation: Meaning and Dimensio
Page 112 and 113: data appropriately. Inferences were
Page 114 and 115: The regression analyses as shown in
Page 116 and 117: Role of Self-help Group in Socio-ec
Page 118 and 119: 10% for women and men respectively
Page 120 and 121: MoRD has been constantly reviewing
Page 122 and 123: 76.6% units were found to be existi
Page 124 and 125: 10.Timely release of adequate loans
Page 128 and 129: Table 1 denotes the infrastructure
Page 130 and 131: FISHING METHODS USED BY DIFFERENT A
Page 132 and 133: CONCLUSION Most of the fisher folk
Page 134 and 135: Objectives: The following objective
Page 136 and 137: Policies of the Government will hav
Page 138 and 139: Wastage Schedule (Onion) Sl.No. Pri
Page 140 and 141: At the end of 2008 the entire world
Page 142: Conclusion: 9. The inflation can be
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