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percent of the world’s population is projected to live in urban areas by 2030 (Cohen 2006). Droughts, land scarcity, and low wages in rural areas, compared to better job opportunities and lower or different risks in urban areas, are increasing labor-related migration out of rural areas (von Braun 2005). However, three-quarters of the poor remain in rural areas and rural poverty is projected to be higher than urban poverty for decades to come (Ravallion et. al. 2007). A massive transformation is in the making—global farm employment is estimated to decrease by about 300 million people by 2020, while employment in services and industry —both in urban and rural areas— is expected to grow by 400 million people. Further development of labor-market institutions is needed to enable the participation of rural areas in the national economy. The underrated agriculture and security risks Sustainability of agriculture is today not only a matter of appropriate management and utilization of natural resources and eco-systems, but also a matter of sustainability of states and political systems. For example, energy security objectives led to subsidized expansion of biofuel production, driving up food prices around the world. The poorest suffer silently for a while, but the middle class typically has the ability to organize, protest, and lobby early on. Although domestic causes such as neglect of agriculture and the rural economy may play an important role, the people’s disenchantment is frequently diverted by political leaderships to external causes. The trivial energy security gain brought about by biofuel production here may be largely overwhelmed by broader losses in political security emerging from frustration and aggression. Increased engagement of the United States in international agriculture capacity strengthening could correct the problems. Making the world more peaceful is directly linked to making the world more food secure and affluent. It has long been recognized that social conflict increases food insecurity, but it also needs to be pointed out that food insecurity can be a key source of conflict. Some of the trigger conditions of violence can be directly related to change in the prices of staple foods or cash crops. Un channeled frustration that is insufficient organized or repressed can lead to conflict (Messer and Cohen 2008). Rising prices of tortillas in Mexico City and bread in Uzbekistan have led to riots. Conclusion: Serving Sustainability: Toward a Global R&D Initiative An urgent global R&D initiative for accelerated agricultural productivity Central to the sustainability of world agriculture is a global R&D initiative for accelerated agriculture productivity; such an initiative makes economic sense, is pro-poor and sustainable, and serves security. The R&D initiative needs political leadership and coordination. Industrialized economies, including the United States, should substantially accelerate their investment in international agricultural research and development. Enhanced collaboration of old and new key global agricultural players In order to effectively implement such a global R&D initiative for accelerated agriculture productivity, a new agriculture, food, and nutrition governance architecture is needed to provide the appropriate political response to the global price and productivity crisis. A coordinated global response is needed in the form of agriculture–energy policies, climate change mitigation and adaptation policies for agriculture, food aid policies, and agriculture–health and food-safety policies. Agricultural power has become more spread around the world, with the result that there is no governance architecture that can generate appropriate political responses to the food and agriculture price and productivity.crisis at the global and national levels. Under such a new global architecture, new partnerships among old and new players such as the United States, Europe, China, India, Brazil, UN agencies, the CGIAR, and foundations, and the private sector must be facilitated. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 34
References Ahmed, A., R. Hill, L. Smith, D. Wiesmann, and T. Frankenburger. 2007. The world’s most deprived: Characteristics and causes of extreme poverty and hunger. 2020 Discussion Paper 43. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute. Beintema, N. M., and G. Stads. 2004. Investing in Sub-Saharan African Agricultural Research. 2020 Africa Conference Brief 8. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute. Birthal P.S., P.K. Joshi, D.Roy, and A. Throat. 2007. Diversification in Indian Agriculture towards High-Value Crops: The Role of Smallholders. Discussion Paper 00727. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research Institute. Cline, W. R. 2007. Global warming and agriculture: Impact estimates by country. Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development and Peterson Institute for International Economics. Clive J. 2007. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2007. ISAAA Brief 37. Ithaca, NY: International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications. Cohen, B. 2006. Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability. Technology in Society 28: 63–80. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2003. Food Outlook No.5 – November 2003. Rome. ______. 2006. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2006. Rome. ______. 2007. Food Outlook– November 2007. Rome. ______. 2008a. FAOSTAT database. Available at: www.faostat.fao.org/default.aspx. ______. 2008b. International Commodity Prices Database. Available at: www.fao.org/es/esc/prices/PricesServlet.jsp.lang=en. ______. 2008c. AQUASTAT database. Available at: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm. Fargione, J., J. Hill, D. Tilman, S. Polasky, P. Hawthorne. 2008. Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt. Science Express Report. Fischer, G., M. Shah, F. Tubiello, and H. van Velhuizen. 2005. Socio-economic and climate change impacts on agriculture: An integrated assessment, 1990-2080. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society B 360: 2067-83. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2007. World Economic Outlook Database. Washington, D.C. Available at: www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/weodata/index.aspx India Ministry of Finance. 2008. Union Budget 2008-2009. Available at; http://indiabudget.nic.in/ Messer E. and Cohen M. 2008. Conflict, Food Insecurity, and Globalization. Chapter in J. von von Braun J.and E. Díaz-Bonilla. 2008. Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor. Forthcoming. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 35
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents Articles PERFORMA
Page 4 and 5: servicing, and the policies not mee
Page 6 and 7: The Self-Help Group members get inc
Page 8 and 9: Are female workers more productive
Page 10 and 11: For the purpose of including explan
Page 12 and 13: several different, competing logist
Page 14 and 15: Fisher, R.T. (2001), “Role stress
Page 16 and 17: A Comparative Study of NPA of State
Page 18 and 19: processes. Instead of fixing target
Page 20 and 21: Agriculture Crisis and Sustainable
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. World Cereal production ,
Page 24 and 25: Expanding biofuel production The ex
Page 28 and 29: OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-
Page 30 and 31: It can provide the earnings needed
Page 32 and 33: The incubator will also work toward
Page 34 and 35: factor. This is not an easy proposi
Page 36 and 37: ROLE OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN LE
Page 38 and 39: During the last season red onion fa
Page 40 and 41: Table Mch2 Coef. Std. Err Z P>/Z/ A
Page 42 and 43: lack of capital. The local farmer o
Page 44 and 45: It may be seen that alleviation of
Page 46 and 47: Table - 2 Progress under Bharat Nir
Page 48 and 49: References Chandrasekhar, B P., et
Page 50 and 51: existing cooperative legislation, r
Page 52 and 53: 1.3 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What
Page 54 and 55: Table 2: Earnings and Cost Allocati
Page 56 and 57: have an adequate amount of capital
Page 58 and 59: programs and the union was doing on
Page 60 and 61: total assets to other key areas, it
Page 62 and 63: esponded by (7.6%) of the members.
Page 64 and 65: management; Gohe cooperatives savin
Page 66 and 67: Significance of asset quality of St
Page 68 and 69: iii) iv) Doubtful Assets:- a) Doubt
Page 70 and 71: atios and solvency ratios are taken
Page 72 and 73: Ratio of around 3% during 2007-08,
Page 74 and 75: sufficient to draw an inference in
Page 76 and 77:
The observed R 2 and F statistics m
Page 78 and 79:
Board Composition, Ownership Struct
Page 80 and 81:
size as well. During our study it w
Page 82 and 83:
standards prevailing in the country
Page 84 and 85:
The procedure produces two tests of
Page 86 and 87:
hoc test for pair wise comparisons
Page 88 and 89:
e said that the board size affects
Page 90 and 91:
high-tech small and medium-sized en
Page 92 and 93:
Table no.8 - Multiple Comparisons T
Page 94 and 95:
Abstract Corporate Social Responsib
Page 96 and 97:
the participation of various level
Page 98 and 99:
Supplier Relations As stakeholders
Page 100 and 101:
CSR initiatives of companies should
Page 102 and 103:
Corporate Social Responsibility Pra
Page 104 and 105:
2011, this district received surplu
Page 106 and 107:
In the case of marginal farmers and
Page 108 and 109:
Findings From the above analysis it
Page 110 and 111:
2. Innovation: Meaning and Dimensio
Page 112 and 113:
data appropriately. Inferences were
Page 114 and 115:
The regression analyses as shown in
Page 116 and 117:
Role of Self-help Group in Socio-ec
Page 118 and 119:
10% for women and men respectively
Page 120 and 121:
MoRD has been constantly reviewing
Page 122 and 123:
76.6% units were found to be existi
Page 124 and 125:
10.Timely release of adequate loans
Page 126 and 127:
Standard of living of Rural Fisher
Page 128 and 129:
Table 1 denotes the infrastructure
Page 130 and 131:
FISHING METHODS USED BY DIFFERENT A
Page 132 and 133:
CONCLUSION Most of the fisher folk
Page 134 and 135:
Objectives: The following objective
Page 136 and 137:
Policies of the Government will hav
Page 138 and 139:
Wastage Schedule (Onion) Sl.No. Pri
Page 140 and 141:
At the end of 2008 the entire world
Page 142:
Conclusion: 9. The inflation can be
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