Research Journal of Economics & Business Studies - RJEBS - The ...

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It may be seen that alleviation of rural poverty has been a major objective of the Government's Social Sector Programme and this is being emphasized in successive Five Year Plans. In this context, Ministry of Rural Development, launched various programmes for bringing about rapid and sustainable development as well as socio-economic transformation in rural India. Further, transformation of rural India in real senses would also entail provision of basic infrastructural facilities to rural poor like, transport, electricity road/rail network etc. Despite all these efforts over the years at the State and Central levels through different Programmes, about 40% of the habitations in the country are still not connected by all weather roads. It is well known that even where connectivity has been provided, the roads constructed are of such quality that they cannot be categorized as all weather roads. In view of above, the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has launched Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), a 100 % Centrally Sponsored Scheme, on 25th December, 2000.for providing connectivity to all unconnected habitations in rural areas through all-weather roads. The main objective of PMGSY is to connect all unconnected habitations in the rural areas through construction of all-weather roads with necessary culverts and cross-drainage structures, in a manner that will provide the most economic and efficient connectivity thus promoting access to economic and social infrastructure as well as assist the habitants who are below poverty line. It may be brought out that Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December, 2000 with the objective of providing All-weather roads (with necessary culverts and crossdrainage structures, which is operable throughout the year), to the eligible unconnected habitations in the rural areas. In addition, the Programme envisages connecting all habitations having population of 500 persons and above (as per 2001 census) in plain areas and in respect of the hill states such as North-East, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand, Desert areas which are identified under the Desert Development Programme in the Tribal areas and in the Selected Tribal and Backward Districts under Integrated Action Plan (IAP) as identified by Ministry of Home Affairs / Planning Commission, having population of 250 persons and above as per 2001 census. In addition, it also has an element of up gradation, though it is not central to the Programme. The rural connectivity is essential for the overall development of the rural areas. There is a close link between rural connectivity and socio-economic aspects, such as, economic growth, employment, education and health care. In addition, habitations, which are unconnected, do not have availability and accessibility to several facilities and socio-economic services. There are a number of habitations in the country, which are still not connected by All-weather roads which or are connected with poor quality roads due to poor construction or maintenance. They cannot be categorized as All-weather roads and the rationale for launching PMGSY scheme is thus, to redress this situation so that certain opportunities and services viz., employment, education, health, transport, marketing facilities etc., which are not available in the unconnected habitation, become available to the residents, it is seen that in addition to Pradham Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, the President of India, in his address to Parliament on 25th February, 2005, announced a major business plan for rebuilding rural India called Bharat Nirman. The Finance Minister, in his Budget Speech of 28th February, 2005, identified Rural Roads as one of the six components of Bharat Nirman and has set a goal to provide connectivity to all habitations with a population of 1000 persons and above (500 persons and above in the case of hilly or tribal areas) with an all-weather road. A total of 59564 habitations are proposed to be provided new connectivity under Bharat Nirman. This would involve construction of 1, 46,185 Kms of rural roads. In addition to new connectivity, Bharat Nirman envisages up gradation/renewal of 1,94,130 Kms of existing rural roads. This comprises 60% up gradation from Government of India and 40% renewal by the State Governments. According to latest figures made available by the State Governments under a survey to identify Core Network as part of the PMGSY programme, about 1.67 lakh Unconnected Habitations are eligible for coverage under the programme. This involves construction of about 3.71 lakh km. of roads for New Connectivity and 3.68 lakh km. under up gradation. In this context, the present study makes an attempt to analyse the role of PMGSY and Bharat Nirman in the development of rural road development in India. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 52
II. Objectives i. to examine the role of PMGSY in developing rural connectivity. ii. to bring out the performance of Bharat Nirman Bhawan in rural road development. III. Results and Discussions This section brings out the physical achievement and the targets under PMGSY. Further, it brings out the target and achievements in rural connectivity under PMSGY for six years from 2006 to 2012. Year Table -1 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY)- Physical progress No.of habitations to be connected Target Achievement % of achievement Target- No. of Achievement Habitations Length of Habitations Length of connected Road Works Connected Road Works to be completed (in completed(in kms.) Kms.) Works completed 2005-06 7895 17454 8202 22756 103.89 130.37 2006-07 13857 45395 10892 30710 78.60 67.65 2007-08 14015 55020 11336 41231 80.88 74.93 2008-09 18100 64440 14454 52405 79.85 81.32 2009-10 13000 55000 7896 60117 60.74 109.30 2010-11 4000 34090 7584 45109 189.6 132.32 2011-12 4000 33000 4142 21750 103.55 -65.90 Source: Ministry of Rural Development, Annual Report – 2011-12. The above table exhibits the number of habitations to the connected and target of length of road works to the completed in KMS. Similarly, it shows no of habitations connected in kms and achievements in length of kms completed. It is observed from the results that the number of habitations connected exceeded the number of habitations to be connected from 7895 in 2005-06 to 8202. As against – this in the subsequent period from 2006-2007 to 2009-2010 the number habitation connected has shown a declining trend. It shows that there had been a tardyness in the implementation of number of habitations connected. In contract, in the recent years the trend in the number of habitation has shown a noticeable increase in it. Further, it shows that the number of habitations connected has been increasing under PMGSY. The similar trend has been observed from the results that the length of road works was high in the initial period in the year 2005-06 and it is also noticed to be above the targeted level from 17454kms to 22756 kms. Further, in the subsequent years from 2006 to 2009. On the contrary, there has been an encouraging trend in the length of kms of road connectivity from 2010 to 2012. By and large, it could be inferred from the results that the progress under road connectivity interms kms has shown an encouraging trend in the recent years. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 53
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents Articles PERFORMA
Page 4 and 5: servicing, and the policies not mee
Page 6 and 7: The Self-Help Group members get inc
Page 8 and 9: Are female workers more productive
Page 10 and 11: For the purpose of including explan
Page 12 and 13: several different, competing logist
Page 14 and 15: Fisher, R.T. (2001), “Role stress
Page 16 and 17: A Comparative Study of NPA of State
Page 18 and 19: processes. Instead of fixing target
Page 20 and 21: Agriculture Crisis and Sustainable
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. World Cereal production ,
Page 24 and 25: Expanding biofuel production The ex
Page 26 and 27: percent of the world’s population
Page 28 and 29: OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-
Page 30 and 31: It can provide the earnings needed
Page 32 and 33: The incubator will also work toward
Page 34 and 35: factor. This is not an easy proposi
Page 36 and 37: ROLE OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN LE
Page 38 and 39: During the last season red onion fa
Page 40 and 41: Table Mch2 Coef. Std. Err Z P>/Z/ A
Page 42 and 43: lack of capital. The local farmer o
Page 46 and 47: Table - 2 Progress under Bharat Nir
Page 48 and 49: References Chandrasekhar, B P., et
Page 50 and 51: existing cooperative legislation, r
Page 52 and 53: 1.3 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What
Page 54 and 55: Table 2: Earnings and Cost Allocati
Page 56 and 57: have an adequate amount of capital
Page 58 and 59: programs and the union was doing on
Page 60 and 61: total assets to other key areas, it
Page 62 and 63: esponded by (7.6%) of the members.
Page 64 and 65: management; Gohe cooperatives savin
Page 66 and 67: Significance of asset quality of St
Page 68 and 69: iii) iv) Doubtful Assets:- a) Doubt
Page 70 and 71: atios and solvency ratios are taken
Page 72 and 73: Ratio of around 3% during 2007-08,
Page 74 and 75: sufficient to draw an inference in
Page 76 and 77: The observed R 2 and F statistics m
Page 78 and 79: Board Composition, Ownership Struct
Page 80 and 81: size as well. During our study it w
Page 82 and 83: standards prevailing in the country
Page 84 and 85: The procedure produces two tests of
Page 86 and 87: hoc test for pair wise comparisons
Page 88 and 89: e said that the board size affects
Page 90 and 91: high-tech small and medium-sized en
Page 92 and 93: Table no.8 - Multiple Comparisons T
Page 94 and 95:
Abstract Corporate Social Responsib
Page 96 and 97:
the participation of various level
Page 98 and 99:
Supplier Relations As stakeholders
Page 100 and 101:
CSR initiatives of companies should
Page 102 and 103:
Corporate Social Responsibility Pra
Page 104 and 105:
2011, this district received surplu
Page 106 and 107:
In the case of marginal farmers and
Page 108 and 109:
Findings From the above analysis it
Page 110 and 111:
2. Innovation: Meaning and Dimensio
Page 112 and 113:
data appropriately. Inferences were
Page 114 and 115:
The regression analyses as shown in
Page 116 and 117:
Role of Self-help Group in Socio-ec
Page 118 and 119:
10% for women and men respectively
Page 120 and 121:
MoRD has been constantly reviewing
Page 122 and 123:
76.6% units were found to be existi
Page 124 and 125:
10.Timely release of adequate loans
Page 126 and 127:
Standard of living of Rural Fisher
Page 128 and 129:
Table 1 denotes the infrastructure
Page 130 and 131:
FISHING METHODS USED BY DIFFERENT A
Page 132 and 133:
CONCLUSION Most of the fisher folk
Page 134 and 135:
Objectives: The following objective
Page 136 and 137:
Policies of the Government will hav
Page 138 and 139:
Wastage Schedule (Onion) Sl.No. Pri
Page 140 and 141:
At the end of 2008 the entire world
Page 142:
Conclusion: 9. The inflation can be
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