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management; Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union is the rural saving and credit union found in West Gojam Zone Bure Woreda which provides rural financial intermediation service in that area. The financial health on the liquidity position of the union indicated that unhealthy condition according to WOCCU proposed standards Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union may fail to satisfy the deposit withdrawal request due to the fact that the union has no any liquid reserve funds to come across such request; deteriorating liquidity position provide members with unsafe place to deposit their money. Earnings and costs allocation position pointed out the loan yield is not enough to cover the entrepreneurial return particularly in the year 2001 not able to generate sufficient profit to maintain a strong capital position in the study year 2001 which maintain the institutional capital at least 10 percent and pay the returns on member share capital. In other words, its earning is not sufficient to make the second line of defense against non-performing assets and pay attractive dividend on member share capital; inconsistency in the earning and institutional capital building capacity of Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union during the study years. Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union is not managing the expenses as per the proposed standard of excellence. Solvency or protection of Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union for delinquent loan greater than 12 months and 1-12 months there is 100% protection of delinquent loans outstanding that enables the union is showing in a safe status on protection in the study period and the solvency position also comply with the WOCCU model in the whole of the study years. However, Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union has not followed the specified policy for loan loss provision, bad debt written of, and no delinquency report due to the fact that the credit policy followed in the union is stringent and they make loan recovery for any loan delinquent from the balance of defaulters or from the accounts of guarantors which enables to have hundred percent solvency or protection to cover the possible loan losses from doubtful loans. In a nut shell, the union is showing in a safe status on solvency and protection position in the study period. Capital adequacy of Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union signified the union was not able to maintain adequate capital in line with the proposed standard to protect the interest of members, depositors, creditors, and the stakeholders that ensures solvency of the union also in the study periods. Inadequacy Capital base indicated the union was not in a position to overcome unexpected and expected losses yet, it was not able to maintain any loan loss reserve in the whole study years that is the union could not provide members with a safe place to deposit their money. The financial health on the asset quality position pointed out the Percentages of delinquent loan ratio of Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union complied with the proposed standards that the union has good financial health in its assets quality particularly in its delinquency control though non-earning assets are greater than the standard set by the WOCCU model and percent of net zero cost funds is less than the set benchmark. All these suggest that quality of assets of Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union is in line with the standard on its delinquency ratios and is not up to the standard as set by the WOCCU model on its non-earning assets and net zero cost funds. Financial structure Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union has invested most of its funds in more productive assets and less in non-earning and less productive assets, and managed the sources of funds effectively from saving deposits. But the union no longer able to offer competitive rates on members saving to encourage members saving which enables the union to finance loan requested from members saving this total assets financed from members saving showed in none of the study periods agree with the WOCCUs model and it has a weak institutional capital base as a second line of defense against non-performing assets. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 72
Sign of growth trends of key indicators of Gohe cooperatives saving and union indicated the highly fluctuating sign of growth trends which imply that Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union does not have sound strategy for sustainable growth in its financial service activities. But the signs of growth of membership show sustainable growth that it has achieved desirable growth trends during the study period. Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union control committee and management boards also follows stringent credit policy to avoid loan delinquency. As to the overall appropriateness of financial intermediation Gohe cooperatives saving and credit union financial service is considered necessary and accepted by the great majority of the members in the union. REFERENCES: Associates in Integrated Development (AFRICA) Limited (2007). Refresher Course for RUSACCO Union Managers in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: AEMFI. Association of Ethiopian microfinance institutions (AEMFI) (2008): Financial ratio analysis and interest rate setting for saving and credit cooperatives. Addis Ababa: AEMFI. Berhane, K. (2008). The status of RUSACCOs in Ethiopia Report. Work shop held on22-24 July 2008, Addis Ababa: http://www.afraca.org/puplications.RUSACCOs.doc. (Accessed on October.5/2009) Branch Brian and Christopher Baker. (2000). Overcoming Credit Union Governance Problems. in Safe Money, edited by Glenn Westley and Brian Branch. Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank. http://www.WOCCU.org. (Accessed on September, 29/2009). Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (BoFED) (2009). Baseline Data and Report. Bahir Dar: unpublished. Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP) (2005). Working with saving and credit cooperatives. Washington DC: CGAP. http: //www.saccol.org.za/saccos.htm. (Accessed on September, 29/2009). Christen R., E. Rhyne, R. Vogel, and C. McKean. (1995). Maximizing the Outreach of Microenterprise finance an Analysis of Successful Microfinance Programs, USAID Program and Operations Assessment Report No. 10, Washington DC: USAID. Cobia, D. W. 1989. Cooperatives in Agriculture. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2007). Statistical base line report. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. Elser, L., Hannig, A., Wisniwski,S.E. (1999).Comparative Analysis of Savings Mobilization Strategies. Washington D.C: CGAP Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) (2001). Safeguarding deposits: Learning from experience. Rome. Agricultural service bulletin 116. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2001). Report and Recommendation of the President to the Executive Board on a proposed Loan to the Federal Kalifa, A. (2006). The experience of Oromia credit and saving Share Company in growth management. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia paper published on AEMFI proceedings of the bi-annual conference of microfinance development in Ethiopia, Mekelle, Tigray. Krishnaswami, O. R., Kulandiswamy, V. (2000). Cooperation concept and theory. India: Arudra Academy. Schmidt, R.H. C.P. Zeitinger. (1996). Prospects, Problems and Potential of Credit-Granting NGOs, in: Journal of International Development 8 (2), pp. 241-258. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 73
Page 2 and 3:
Table of Contents Articles PERFORMA
Page 4 and 5:
servicing, and the policies not mee
Page 6 and 7:
The Self-Help Group members get inc
Page 8 and 9:
Are female workers more productive
Page 10 and 11:
For the purpose of including explan
Page 12 and 13:
several different, competing logist
Page 14 and 15: Fisher, R.T. (2001), “Role stress
Page 16 and 17: A Comparative Study of NPA of State
Page 18 and 19: processes. Instead of fixing target
Page 20 and 21: Agriculture Crisis and Sustainable
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. World Cereal production ,
Page 24 and 25: Expanding biofuel production The ex
Page 26 and 27: percent of the world’s population
Page 28 and 29: OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-
Page 30 and 31: It can provide the earnings needed
Page 32 and 33: The incubator will also work toward
Page 34 and 35: factor. This is not an easy proposi
Page 36 and 37: ROLE OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN LE
Page 38 and 39: During the last season red onion fa
Page 40 and 41: Table Mch2 Coef. Std. Err Z P>/Z/ A
Page 42 and 43: lack of capital. The local farmer o
Page 44 and 45: It may be seen that alleviation of
Page 46 and 47: Table - 2 Progress under Bharat Nir
Page 48 and 49: References Chandrasekhar, B P., et
Page 50 and 51: existing cooperative legislation, r
Page 52 and 53: 1.3 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What
Page 54 and 55: Table 2: Earnings and Cost Allocati
Page 56 and 57: have an adequate amount of capital
Page 58 and 59: programs and the union was doing on
Page 60 and 61: total assets to other key areas, it
Page 62 and 63: esponded by (7.6%) of the members.
Page 66 and 67: Significance of asset quality of St
Page 68 and 69: iii) iv) Doubtful Assets:- a) Doubt
Page 70 and 71: atios and solvency ratios are taken
Page 72 and 73: Ratio of around 3% during 2007-08,
Page 74 and 75: sufficient to draw an inference in
Page 76 and 77: The observed R 2 and F statistics m
Page 78 and 79: Board Composition, Ownership Struct
Page 80 and 81: size as well. During our study it w
Page 82 and 83: standards prevailing in the country
Page 84 and 85: The procedure produces two tests of
Page 86 and 87: hoc test for pair wise comparisons
Page 88 and 89: e said that the board size affects
Page 90 and 91: high-tech small and medium-sized en
Page 92 and 93: Table no.8 - Multiple Comparisons T
Page 94 and 95: Abstract Corporate Social Responsib
Page 96 and 97: the participation of various level
Page 98 and 99: Supplier Relations As stakeholders
Page 100 and 101: CSR initiatives of companies should
Page 102 and 103: Corporate Social Responsibility Pra
Page 104 and 105: 2011, this district received surplu
Page 106 and 107: In the case of marginal farmers and
Page 108 and 109: Findings From the above analysis it
Page 110 and 111: 2. Innovation: Meaning and Dimensio
Page 112 and 113: data appropriately. Inferences were
Page 114 and 115:
The regression analyses as shown in
Page 116 and 117:
Role of Self-help Group in Socio-ec
Page 118 and 119:
10% for women and men respectively
Page 120 and 121:
MoRD has been constantly reviewing
Page 122 and 123:
76.6% units were found to be existi
Page 124 and 125:
10.Timely release of adequate loans
Page 126 and 127:
Standard of living of Rural Fisher
Page 128 and 129:
Table 1 denotes the infrastructure
Page 130 and 131:
FISHING METHODS USED BY DIFFERENT A
Page 132 and 133:
CONCLUSION Most of the fisher folk
Page 134 and 135:
Objectives: The following objective
Page 136 and 137:
Policies of the Government will hav
Page 138 and 139:
Wastage Schedule (Onion) Sl.No. Pri
Page 140 and 141:
At the end of 2008 the entire world
Page 142:
Conclusion: 9. The inflation can be
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