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OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2007. Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI): 2007/2 edition. Paris. OMB (Office of Management and Budget). 2008. Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 2009. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/. ______. 2006. Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 2006. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2006/. Pardey, P. G., J. M. Alston, and R.R. Piggott, eds. 2006. Agricultural R&D in the Developing World: Too Little, Too Late. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute. Searchinger, T., R. Heimlich, R.A. Houghton, F. Dong, A. Elobeid, J. Fabiosa, S. Tokgoz, D. Hayes, and T.-H. Yu. 2008. Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land Use Change. Science Express Report. Ravallion, M., S. Chen, and P. Sangraula. 2007. New Evidence on the Urbanization of Global Poverty. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Reserve Bank of India. 2008. RBI Bulletin. Available at: http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_ViewBulletin.aspx Scherr S. 1999. Soil degradation: a threat to developing-country food security by 2020.. 2020 Vision Discussion Paper 27. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research Institute. Torero, M. and J. von Braun, eds. 2006. Information and Communication Technologies for Development and Poverty Reduction: The Potential of Telecommunications. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press for the International Food Policy Research Institute. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2006. Human Development Report 20006: Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. New York. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2008. World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates No. 455. Available at: http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/index.htm. von Braun, J. 2005. Agricultural economics and distributional effects. Agricultural Economics 32 (s1), 1–20. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell for IAAE von Braun, J. 2007. The World Food Situation: New Driving Forces and Required Actions. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute. World Bank. 2007a. World Development Indicators 2007. Washington, D.C. ______. 2007b. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. Washington DC. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 36
Business Incubator for local Economic Development VS Sukumaran, Associate Sr. Faculty, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, India Abstract Local Economic Development is the process by which public, business, local government and non-governmental sector partners work collectively to create better conditions for economic growth and employment generation in a defined administrative area. In this process, the local area will provide a conducive environment for economic growth of the public. This may be, creating appropriate wage or self employment. There are various mechanism to create sustainable employment avenues such as investment subsidy, infrastructure development, business incubator, etc. Business incubator will provide infrastructure facilities to the upcoming entrepreneurs in a given area. This will reduce the investment burden of the entrepreneurs. In addition to this the incubator will also give business process support, such as technology, developing systems, marketing, etc. This paper illustrate the importance of business incubator in promoting entrepreneurship and employment avenues in the local area. INTRODUCTION Local Economic Development is the process by which public, business, local government and non-governmental sector partners work collectively to create better conditions for economic growth and employment generation in a defined administrative area. In Local Economic Development (LED) local governments and community-based groups manage their existing resources and enter into new partnership arrangements with the private sector. Regardless of the form it takes, LED has one primary goal, which is to increase the number and variety of job opportunities available to people. In performing these activities, local governments and/or community groups must take on an initiating rather than a passive role. Practicing local economic development means working directly to build up the economic strength of a local area to improve its economic future and the quality of life of its inhabitants. Prioritizing the local economy is crucial if local bodies are to be able to compete in the fast changing world. Each local body has unique local conditions that can help or hinder its economic development. These local attributes will form the seeds from which a local economic development strategy can be developed. To build competitiveness each local body needs to understand and act on its own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It will then make its local area attractive to business, new employers, skilled workers and supporting institutions. Local Economic Development is necessary because: Economic development raises overall productivity and incomes. Additional development can help maintain a high level of employment and job quality. It can help to create the jobs necessary for providing opportunities for the jobless and working poor. It can help to increase the revenue of local self government. It will increase the standard of living of people. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 06, April-2013 Page 37
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents Articles PERFORMA
Page 4 and 5: servicing, and the policies not mee
Page 6 and 7: The Self-Help Group members get inc
Page 8 and 9: Are female workers more productive
Page 10 and 11: For the purpose of including explan
Page 12 and 13: several different, competing logist
Page 14 and 15: Fisher, R.T. (2001), “Role stress
Page 16 and 17: A Comparative Study of NPA of State
Page 18 and 19: processes. Instead of fixing target
Page 20 and 21: Agriculture Crisis and Sustainable
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. World Cereal production ,
Page 24 and 25: Expanding biofuel production The ex
Page 26 and 27: percent of the world’s population
Page 30 and 31: It can provide the earnings needed
Page 32 and 33: The incubator will also work toward
Page 34 and 35: factor. This is not an easy proposi
Page 36 and 37: ROLE OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN LE
Page 38 and 39: During the last season red onion fa
Page 40 and 41: Table Mch2 Coef. Std. Err Z P>/Z/ A
Page 42 and 43: lack of capital. The local farmer o
Page 44 and 45: It may be seen that alleviation of
Page 46 and 47: Table - 2 Progress under Bharat Nir
Page 48 and 49: References Chandrasekhar, B P., et
Page 50 and 51: existing cooperative legislation, r
Page 52 and 53: 1.3 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What
Page 54 and 55: Table 2: Earnings and Cost Allocati
Page 56 and 57: have an adequate amount of capital
Page 58 and 59: programs and the union was doing on
Page 60 and 61: total assets to other key areas, it
Page 62 and 63: esponded by (7.6%) of the members.
Page 64 and 65: management; Gohe cooperatives savin
Page 66 and 67: Significance of asset quality of St
Page 68 and 69: iii) iv) Doubtful Assets:- a) Doubt
Page 70 and 71: atios and solvency ratios are taken
Page 72 and 73: Ratio of around 3% during 2007-08,
Page 74 and 75: sufficient to draw an inference in
Page 76 and 77: The observed R 2 and F statistics m
Page 78 and 79:
Board Composition, Ownership Struct
Page 80 and 81:
size as well. During our study it w
Page 82 and 83:
standards prevailing in the country
Page 84 and 85:
The procedure produces two tests of
Page 86 and 87:
hoc test for pair wise comparisons
Page 88 and 89:
e said that the board size affects
Page 90 and 91:
high-tech small and medium-sized en
Page 92 and 93:
Table no.8 - Multiple Comparisons T
Page 94 and 95:
Abstract Corporate Social Responsib
Page 96 and 97:
the participation of various level
Page 98 and 99:
Supplier Relations As stakeholders
Page 100 and 101:
CSR initiatives of companies should
Page 102 and 103:
Corporate Social Responsibility Pra
Page 104 and 105:
2011, this district received surplu
Page 106 and 107:
In the case of marginal farmers and
Page 108 and 109:
Findings From the above analysis it
Page 110 and 111:
2. Innovation: Meaning and Dimensio
Page 112 and 113:
data appropriately. Inferences were
Page 114 and 115:
The regression analyses as shown in
Page 116 and 117:
Role of Self-help Group in Socio-ec
Page 118 and 119:
10% for women and men respectively
Page 120 and 121:
MoRD has been constantly reviewing
Page 122 and 123:
76.6% units were found to be existi
Page 124 and 125:
10.Timely release of adequate loans
Page 126 and 127:
Standard of living of Rural Fisher
Page 128 and 129:
Table 1 denotes the infrastructure
Page 130 and 131:
FISHING METHODS USED BY DIFFERENT A
Page 132 and 133:
CONCLUSION Most of the fisher folk
Page 134 and 135:
Objectives: The following objective
Page 136 and 137:
Policies of the Government will hav
Page 138 and 139:
Wastage Schedule (Onion) Sl.No. Pri
Page 140 and 141:
At the end of 2008 the entire world
Page 142:
Conclusion: 9. The inflation can be
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