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Public Distribution System and its Service Quality G. Sangeetha, Ph.D., Research Scholar, Dr. S. Ramesh Kumar, Associate Professor and Head, Dr. G. Padma Parvathy & G.Subbulakshmi, Research Department of Commerce, V.O.C College, Tuticorin, India. ABSTRACT The main aim of the study is to examine the Public Distribution System and its service quality. The cardholders and non-cardholders (n=446) are randomly selected respondents to represent in Tuticorin districts - Tamil Nadu. Majority of the respondents are housewives, followed by daily wage earners. The urban area respondents get high quality of services than rural area respondents. Both married and unmarried respondents have the same level of satisfaction with PDS commodities and services. There is no delay in issuing cards and no manipulation play very important role in assessing PDS services. It shows that the satisfaction level on PDS services does not differ with the income of respondents. Government should take steps to improve the quality of services and to ensure the distribution at right time to the cardholders. Key words: Service Quality and Public Distribution System. INTRODUCTION Public Distribution System aims at protecting the vulnerable sections of the society by bringing them into the public distribution network. PDS mainly aims to ensure food safety to the vulnerable society by providing food substances at affordable price (Swaminathan, A.M, 2010) 1 . The Government of India provides subsidy to food substances to guarantee the right to have food. The QQP (Quality, Quantity and Price) management is important for an effective public distribution system. The government should evolve a mechanism to deal with this aspect. The PDS aims at eradication of rural poverty and inequality by providing justice to poor (Pattanaik, B.K, 1997) 2 . The service of Public Distribution System is one of the crucial variables mediating the relationship between aggregate food availability and the individual entitlements. Generally, the successful functioning of PDS is to be in adequate quota, correct weight and measures and the availability of commodities to the vulnerable society (Nakkiran 2004) 3 . 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 SAMPLE SIZE The quantitative data for the study was collected from 446 respondents randomly selected from Tuticorin southern district of Tamil Nadu. In the field work, the data were collected through a well structured questionnaire through personal interview mode at the residence and near FPS after obtaining consent from them. 2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN The survey analyses the consumption pattern of the respondents in PDS during the period of January 2010 to February 2012 as a part of Doctoral research work. The questionnaire was divided into four sections (1) Demographic factor, (2) Mode of purchase, (3) Ownership and utilization nature and (4) Amount spending for rice. 2.3 PILOT STUDY The questionnaire was pre-tested by collecting data from 90 respondents in Tuticorin from November 2010 to January 2011. The questionnaire was revised and restructured based on the results of the pilot study. Some additional questions were added after evaluating the questionnaires in the pilot study. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 08, June-2013 Page 54
2.4 DATA ANALYSIS The collected data were analysed by using a statistical package of SPSS 17.0. Scores for each category were calculated by assigning correct responses. Percentage analysis of demographic factor is calculated and presented in tabular form. F test was used to analyse the satisfaction level on PDS among different income group of respondents at 5% level of significance. t test have been used to find out the relationship between satisfaction level on PDS and residential area and marital status of the respondents. Factor analysis has been used to find out the service qualities of PDS. Regression analysis has been used to find out the service qualities and commodities. Correlation has been used to find out the availability of commodities in PDS. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table -1 Demographic Factor Demographic characteristics n % Age (n = 446) < 25 68 15.25 26-35 158 35.43 36-45 143 32.06 > 45 77 17.26 Education (n = 446) Illiterate 88 19.73 Informal Education 183 41.03 Primary/Secondary 156 34.98 College level 17 3.81 Technology 2 0.45 Occupation (n = 446) Housewife 187 41.9 Daily wages 89 20 Farmer 56 12.6 Govt. Employee 9 2 Private Employee 59 13.2 Business 44 9.9 Retired person 2 .4 Locality (n = 446) Urban 264 59.2 Rural 182 40.8 Family status (n=446) BPL Family 393 88.1 Non BPL 53 11.9 Source: Primary Data Table 1 shows the demographics of the 446 respondents by age, education, occupation, locality and family status. Analyzable questionnaires were obtained from 264 urban respondents and 182 rural respondents (n=446) in Tuticorin of Tamil Nadu. They were randomly selected. These respondents were interviewed face to face by well structured questionnaire by eight trained research assistants and one investigator. Majority of the respondents (35.43%) were in the age group of 26-35 years. About, 41.03% of the respondents have informal education and the one third have primary education. Of all respondents interviewed, majority of the respondents (41.9%) are house wives. About 59.2% of the respondents are from urban area and 40.8% of them are from rural area. Most of the respondents (88.1%) are from BPL family. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 08, June-2013 Page 55
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