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Table 7 Correlation - Adequate Quota, Availability of Commodity and No Bad Smell Correlations Adequate Availability of No bad smell Factors quota commodity Adequate quota Pearson Correlation 1 .595 ** .669 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 N 446 446 446 Availability of commodity Pearson Correlation .595 ** 1 .558 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 N 446 446 446 No bad smell Pearson Correlation .669 ** .558 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 N 446 446 446 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Table 7 shows the bivariate correlation between the variables of adequate quota, no bad smell and availability of commodity. It was hypothesized that a relationship exists between the variables of adequate quota, no bad smell and availability of commodity. The result shows that there exists a positive relationship between adequate quota and no bad smell (r = 0.669, P < 0.01). All the factors have inter – correlation positive values 1. Highly correlated with adequate quota and no bad smell 0.669 2. Adequate quota correlates with availability of commodity 0.595 3. Availability of commodity correlates with no bad smell 0.558 4. CONCLUSION: The urban area respondents get high quality of services than rural area respondents. Both married and unmarried respondents have the same level of satisfaction with PDS commodities and services. The satisfaction level on PDS services does not differ with the income of respondents. This analysis indicates that there is a relationship between the availability of commodity and the independent variables of adequate quota, no manipulation, no favouritism and nepotism. The result shows that there exists a positive relationship between adequate quota and no bad smell. The central government should initiate consultation with the state governments and the union territories, to revamp the PDS and its reach based on an area and income approach. The government should tries to ensure the 4 As’ viz., Availability, Accessibility, Affordability and Acceptability, and also the 5 th A i.e. Adequacy in Public Distribution System. REFERENCES 1. Swaminathan, 2010, Nov, 2010, “ Public Distribution System in Tamil Nadu: evaluation of its impact & examination of policy options. University of Pondicherry. 2. Pattanaik, B., K. (1997). Rural poverty and Public distribution system, Yojana, November 1997. 3. Dr. S. Nakkiran December-2004 A Study on the Effectiveness of Public Distribution System In Rural Tamilnadu Submitted to The Planning Commission Government of India, New Delhi. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 08, June-2013 Page 60
Integrating Sustainability in Business And Management Education - A Holistic Approach ABSTRACT` Dr Vasanth Kiran, Assistant Professor – School of Business, Alliance University & Prof. Sahana Madan Assistant Professor – School of Business, Alliance University Management education plays a key role in any transition in the society. Education will itself be transformed into the process. It is necessary and possible to build on the limited progress already made in which the role of sustainability plays a vital role. This paper presents a matrix of options for integrating sustainability in management and business education, and illustrates how the matrix can be used with the example of a business school in Bangalore, including lessons learned. The matrix contributes to the literature by including the co-curriculum and continuous mentoring—in addition to the curriculum—as an opportunity for integrating sustainability in management and business education. In addition, it draws from and extends previous empirical and conceptual research, and addresses the needs and weaknesses stated in earlier literature. The matrix provides a framework for discussion, as well as a framework for action—since it provides faculty, staff, and administrators with options for integrating sustainability and includes advantages, disadvantages, and recommendations for using each option. This holistic approach promises to answer some of the key problems of traditional management education giving way to a new perspective. Keywords: B-schools, Curriculum, Co-curriculum, Mentoring. Management Education, Sustainability, INTRODUCTION Management education in a pluralistic world needs to consider new approaches and curriculum changes, if its graduates are to provide effective leadership in a multicultural and multinational global economy. In the twenty-first century however, we have begun to see a shift in focus away from measures of organizational and managerial performance that are often limited and subject to short term manipulation at the expense of long term sustainability. Why are we advocating a “transformative” sustainability approach to management education? Our answer is obvious: Neither the “business-asusual” nor the incrementalist reform approaches that most individuals, organizations, and societies have employed to address critical global sustainability issues are apparently enough to move us far enough fast enough to prevent near-term crises. Learning lies at the core of the management process when learning it is defined holistically as the basic process of human adaptation. It is not just the result of cognition but involves the integrated functioning of the total person—thinking, feeling, perceiving and behaving which makes him/her closer to being a complete manager. It encompasses other specialized models of adaptation from the scientific method to problems solving, decision making and creativity which form as key characteristics to be a successful manager which needs to be carefully implemented holistically in management education system by B-schools. Over the past several years, a number of studies have been published on how to integrate sustainability in higher education, including studies focused on business and management education. Some of the more recent ones include Benn and Dunphy, 2009; Porter and Cordoba, 2009; Rands, 2009; Walker et.al, 2009. In June 2009, the Journal of Management Education published a special issue on the topic, “Greening and sustainability across the management curriculum.” One of the summary messages from contributors— both academics and practitioners—was the need to integrate sustainability both in management www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJEBS: Volume: 02, Number: 08, June-2013 Page 61
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