Engineering Geology

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Table 5.33. Some physical properties of chalk from Yorkshire, Norfolk and Kent, England (after Bell et al., 1999) Yorkshire* Norfolk* Kent*** Lower Middle Upper Lower Melbourn Rock Middle Upper Upper 271 Dry density (Mg m -3 ) Maximum 2.13 (L) 2.30 (M) 2.23 (M) 2.17 (L) 2.23 (M) 1.81 (L) 1.70 (VL) 1.61 (VL) Minimum 1.85 (L) 1.76 (VL) 1.77 (VL) 1.71 (VL) 2.04 (L) 1.62 (VL) 1.54 (VL) 1.35 (VL) Mean 2.08 (L) 2.14 (L) 2.06 (L) 1.99 (L) 2.17 (L) 1.76 (VL) 1.61 (VL) 1.44 (VL) Effective porosity (%)(Saturation method) Maximum 30.2 (VH) 35.0 (VH) 36.4 (VH) 34.4 (VH) 27.0 (H) 38.2 (VH) 43.2 (VH) 45.7 (VH) Minimum 17.2 (H) 16.2 (H) 17.7 (H) 19.9 (H) 16.1 (H) 30.2 (VH) 34.3 (VH) 29.6 (H) Mean 20.6 (H) 21.8 (H) 23.9 (H) 26.5 (H) 19.8 (H) 34.4 (VH) 39.9 (VH) 41.7 (VH) Permeability (¥ 10 -9 m s -1 ) Maximum 1.2 2.2 37.0 Minimum 0.3 0.5 13.9 Mean 0.9 1.4 27.7 Dry unconfined compressive strength (MPa)** Maximum 32.7 (MS) 36.4 (MS) 34.0 (MS) 30.5 (MS) 38,3 (MS) 25.1 (MS) 12.7 (MS) 6.2 (MW) Minimum 19.1 (MS) 25.2 (MS) 18.1 (MS) 14.2 (MS) 22.1 (MS) 7.4 (MW) 6.9 (MW) 4.8 (W) Mean 26.4 (MS) 30.7 (MS) 25.6 (MS) 21.0 (MS) 29.1 (MS) 13.0 (MS) 9.5 (MW) 5.5 (MW) Saturated unconfined compressive strength (MPa) Maximum 16.2 20.4 15.9 13.7 17.5 10.3 5.1 2.2 Minimum 8.6 11.7 7.4 6.2 8.9 3.1 2.8 1.4 Mean 13.7 16.8 11.9 10.7 14.3 5.8 3.6 1.7 Continued Chapter 5
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Engineering Geology
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Engineering Geology Second Edition
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Preface As noted in the Preface to
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Contents 1. Rock Types and Stratigr
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Contents Field Instrumentation 344
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Chapter 1 Rock Types and Stratigrap
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Chapter 1 several tens of metres bu
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.4 Distribution o
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.5 Lapilli near C
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.7 (a) Ropy or pa
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.8 Columnar joint
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.9 Pegmatite vein
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.10 Thin section
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.11 An old quarry
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Chapter 1 a b Figure 1.13 (a) Gneis
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Chapter 1 and the types of country
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Chapter 1 A variety of minerals suc
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Chapter 1 metasomatic activity is c
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Chapter 1 derived by partial intras
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Chapter 1 character (are they irreg
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Chapter 1 the top. Individual grade
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.20 Thin section
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Chapter 1 Montmorillonite [(Mg,Al)
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Chapter 1 Figure 1.22 Salt teepees
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Chapter 1 The extent and regularity
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Chapter 1 the lowest bed in the upp
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Table 1.1. The geological timescale
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Chapter 1 The principal way in whic
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Chapter 2 Geological Structures The
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Chapter 2 (b) Figure 2.2 (a) Block
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Chapter 2 (b) Figure 2.4 (a) Types
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.6 Chevron fold i
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Chapter 2 direction of extension. T
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.9 Types of fault
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.11 (a) Repetitio
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Chapter 2 side of a fault are of di
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.14 Geometric ori
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Chapter 2 As joints represent surfa
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Chapter 2 (several metres). The int
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Chapter 2 Strength of Discontinuous
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Chapter 2 Table 2.5. Classification
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73 Figure 2.17 Discontinuity survey
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Chapter 2 Figure 2.19 Representatio
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Chapter 3 Surface Processes All lan
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Chapter 3 humid regions more than d
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.3 Honeycomb weat
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Chapter 3 less soluble than limesto
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.4 The slake-dura
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Chapter 3 Because weathering brings
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.6 Approaches to
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.7 Valley bulging
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Chapter 3 Internal slides are usual
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.8 A classificati
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.10 Block diagram
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Chapter 3 direct factor in causing
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.14 (a) Trellised
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Chapter 3 Throughout its length, a
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.17 (a) Paired ri
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.18 Component par
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Chapter 3 In the early stages of ri
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Chapter 3 Karst Topography and Unde
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.22 Appearance of
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Chapter 3 the surface throughout th
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.25 Drumlins, nea
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Chapter 3 barrier, the threshold, o
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Chapter 3 Most melt water streams t
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Chapter 3 Other small ridge-like ka
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Chapter 3 of perennially frozen gro
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Chapter 3 Wind Action Wind erosion
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.32 Buttes and me
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Chapter 3 areas in which there is e
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Chapter 3 commonly falls in both in
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.35 Terminology o
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Chapter 3 disrupts their pattern of
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Chapter 3 is extended out to sea. B
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Chapter 3 (a) (b) Figure 3.37 (Cont
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Chapter 3 Table 3.2. Average beach
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Figure 3.38 Hurst Castle Spit with
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Chapter 3 windspeeds of approximate
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Chapter 3 Free oscillations develop
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Chapter 4 Groundwater Conditions an
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Map of part of
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Chapter 4 buried upper surface of a
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Chapter 4 Table 4.2. Soil suction p
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Chapter 4 The factors affecting the
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Chapter 4 Table 4.3. Some examples
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Chapter 4 Permeability and porosity
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Chapter 4 Flow through Soils and Ro
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Chapter 4 General Equation of Flow
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Chapter 4 and k h H / k + H / k + H
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.8 Standard piezo
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Chapter 4 velocity of the upward se
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Geological mapping frequently forms
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Chapter 4 As groundwater moves from
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.9 Drillhole pack
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.10 Yield drawdow
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.11 Flow net bene
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Chapter 4 in sedimentary rocks. The
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.12 Gravel-packed
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Chapter 4 In addition, the fracture
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Chapter 4 to another as groundwater
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.14 An example of
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Chapter 4 Many of the VOCs are liqu
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Chapter 4 Table 4.7. Composition of
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Chapter 4 Migration control is cons
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Description, Properties and Behavio
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Chapter 5 Table 5.2.—Cont’d. In
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Chapter 5 Table 5.2.—Cont’d. In
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Chapter 5 Table 5.3b. Plasticity ac
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Chapter 5 Table 5.6. Mixed coarse s
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Chapter 5 reduced accordingly, henc
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Chapter 5 enough cement to develop
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.2 Particle size
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Chapter 5 this was indicative of me
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Chapter 5 Table 5.12. Particle size
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Chapter 5 Table 5.13. USAEWES class
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Chapter 5 Table 5.14. Range of comp
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Chapter 5 sensitivity, namely, inse
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Chapter 5 Table 5.15. Strength of w
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Chapter 5 They differ from laterite
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Chapter 5 (a) (b) Figure 5.7 (a) Po
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Chapter 5 supply of sand, the wind
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Chapter 5 Tills and Other Glacially
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.11 Variation in
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Chapter 5 Table 5.18a. A weathering
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Chapter 5 Table 5.19. Some properti
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Chapter 5 thick, or as ice wedges.
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E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g y
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372 Table 7.7a. Excerpts from the e
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374 Table 7.7b. Key to the engineer
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390 Table 8.1. Modified Mercalli Sc
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412 Figure 8.15 (a) (b) (a) Rip-rap
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488 Table 9.4. The rock mass rating
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490 Table 9.6. Classification of in
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532 Table 9.8. Typical compaction c
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I n d e x coastal protection, 410,
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I n d e x grout, 526, 548 groutabil
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I n d e x rebound, 513 recumbent fo
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