Blurred Borders - International Community Foundation

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Here, much work remains to be done. Through this report ICF seeks to promote (see Chapter 9 for details): • Investment in binational social change • Investment in future binational leaders and the region’s cross-cultural connectors • Education about the border and migrant issues • Vision beyond the immediate border • Expansion of the level of cross-border collaboration and civic engagement • Increased levels of attention from our elected officials on border-related issues • Increased visits to Tijuana and/or surrounding communities xii
CHAPTER I WHY THE BORDER MATTERS “The United States of America and the United Mexican States animated by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two Republics and to establish upon a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits upon the citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmony, and mutual confidence wherein the two people should live, as good neighbors….” ---The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, concluded February 2, 1848, ratified by President, March 16, 1848, proclaimed July 4 th, 1848. The Changing Face of the Border Region Robert Frost once noted that “good fences makes good neighbors” 4 and it was in this vein that the United States and Mexico ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. As a result, the Mexican territory known as California was separated into two, and Upper and Lower California were born. At the time of the treaty’s signing, the San Diego-Baja California region was sparsely populated. In 1850 the entire County of San Diego had only 798 people among its non-Indian population, and the area defined as Tijuana had a population of less than 100 people. 5 Those truly impacted by the treaty were the native people of the region –the Kumeyaay—who had been suddenly cast into two sections of their own ancestral land irrespective of their common language, history and cultural traditions. Over the past century and a half, much has changed in the San Diego-Tijuana border region. Our combined population is now over 4.2 million (2.8 million in San Diego and 1.4 million in Tijuana), making it the largest binational metropolitan area in North America. With an annual population growth of 2.8% in San Diego and 4.9% in Tijuana, and an average age of 33 years in San Diego and 24.8 years in Tijuana, the region can expect tremendous growth through 2050. 6 As the binational region has grown, so too has its volume of cross-border traffic. The San Diego-Tijuana region has become one of the busiest border crossings in the world with over 56.6 million people crossing in 2002, accounting for 17.2% (13.8% San Ysidro; 3.4% Otay Mesa) of all land crossings in the United States. 7 An estimated 150,000 California residents and some 50,000 Mexican residents make their way across the border each day, for jobs, school, housing, medical care, shopping, cultural enrichment, or to see family and friends. According to a survey by San Diego’s South County Economic Development Council (SCEDC) 14% of South County employers responded that over 61% of their employees reside south of the border in Baja California. 8 4 Frost, Robert, “Mending Wall”, Louis Untermeyer, ed., Modern American Poetry. 1919 5 US Census Bureau, 1850. San Diego Historical Society 6 San Diego Regional Economic Development Corporation, Regional Fact Sheet. 7 US Department of Homeland Security, 2003; Morris, Kenn, “Moving Towards Smart <strong>Borders</strong>,” San Diego Dialogue/Forum Fronterizo, June 2003. 8 South County EDC/Cross Border Business Associates, “San Diego/Tijuana Border Values, 2002” 2003
Page 1 and 2: Blurred Borders: Trans-Boundary Imp
Page 3 and 4: Tijuana-San Diego Non-Profit Organi
Page 5 and 6: Dedication Blurred Borders is dedic
Page 7 and 8: About the Editors Richard Kiy: Kiy
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary Over the years, t
Page 11: prosperity and long-term competitiv
Page 15 and 16: While Tijuana’s economic impact t
Page 17 and 18: Table 2: San Diego County’s Hispa
Page 19 and 20: Table 4: Impressions of Tijuana by
Page 21 and 22: immigration, including ineffectual
Page 23 and 24: in 2005; and 390,000 to 439,000 in
Page 25 and 26: implementing such a system at the b
Page 27 and 28: Among the principal aims of this re
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER II DEFINING THE BORDER AND
Page 31 and 32: Jobs alone will not keep San Diego
Page 33 and 34: For those cross-border residents th
Page 35 and 36: Table 7: San Diego Matriculas (1995
Page 37 and 38: Table 9: Selected Demographic Chara
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER III THE CASE FOR INCREASED
Page 41 and 42: few binational fiber optic networks
Page 44 and 45: Income disparity, both between and
Page 46 and 47: Thankfully, there is a growing cons
Page 48 and 49: Identifying San Diego-Tijuana's Sha
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER IV PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE:
Page 53 and 54: (December 2003). 94 A used home’s
Page 55 and 56: However, for many, securing a place
Page 57 and 58: areas away from San Diego’s cente
Page 59 and 60: Securing Water Supply: An Imperativ
Page 61 and 62: esidents change their energy use pa
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Regional Workbench Consortium The R
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CHAPTER V EDUCATION - ISSUES AND OP
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Ysidro Elementary School District,
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Almost 95% of secondary schools in
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example is the Binational Migrant E
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and possess a strong commitment to
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Additionally, gaps between ethnic g
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in the business world on both sides
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CHAPTER VI ENVIRONMENT—BETTER COL
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Mexico and U.S. sources into a prot
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wildlife habitat. Furthermore, othe
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projects related to air quality and
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Fisheries management is a global ch
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The project’s potential environme
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corporations, academic institutions
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Environmental Education Environment
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There are, however, unresolved envi
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What is still lacking are strong re
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public and private partnerships) wo
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Medical care in Mexico is attractiv
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per 100,000. 247 By ethnicity, Afri
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Gastro-Intestinal Diseases Intestin
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Undocumented migrant workers are es
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Hispanics represent 30% of the Cali
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County for their migrant farm worke
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Pharmaceuticals It is estimated tha
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declined over the last two decades
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collection and re-distribution) and
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Other efforts to promote community
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options have put increased pressure
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arrests in the Hispanic population
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strengthening the coalition. Among
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• Prisoner re-entry program in Ti
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The level of cultural exchange betw
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About the Mexico/United States Bord
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the innovative work undertaken by t
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given the post-9/11 heightened conc
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26.2 million visitors spending in e
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Cross-Border Institutional Ties Nee
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the border region necessitate takin
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• Expand the level of elder and y
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Comisión Estatal de Servicios Púb
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Morales, Rebecca. 2001. “Educatin
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Appendix A: Crossborder Business As
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population as being native to the c
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in Mexico reported having visiting
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� First, that a majority of both
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Table 1H San Diego Survey Results -
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1. Tijuana Results 3 Neutral 3 0.7%
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contrast is the difference in ranki
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conduct surveys at the sites. Based
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(especially for the Central San Die
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Table 2D: Crosstab - Purpose & Freq
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Appendix B LISTING OF MIGRANT-SERVI
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Escondido Community Child Developme
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TIJUANA-SAN DIEGO NON-PROFIT ORGANI
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Patronato Escuela para Padres de Ba
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EDUCATION (continued) AGENCY ADDRES
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ENVIRONMENT (continued) AGENCY ADDR
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Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (continue
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Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE: URBAN & RE
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B-29 border to enhance trade and co
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Appendix C: San Diego andTijuana At
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Definitions Canasta Basica: Defined
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