Blurred Borders - International Community Foundation

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City Place Name Table 16: San Diego Poverty Rates (Family with Children by Place Name) Pop. 1990 2000 Change Percent Education Hispanic Less than 9 th Grade Rainbow 1,658 12.7% 23.2% 10.5% 28% 20% 23% Jamul 5,342 1.9% 8.9% 7.0% 5% 3% Bostonia 61,888 7.8% 12.5% 4.7% 6% 5% Lemon Grove 24,953 9.3% 13.7% 4.5% 28.5% 6% 7% El Cajon 55,266 12.9% 16.7% 3.8% 7% 8% Fallbrook 4,771 11.3% 14.7% 3.4% 15% 16% Vista 62,030 11.7% 14.2% 2.5% 11% 17% Oceanside (92057) 46,881 10.1% 11.6% 1.5% 32% 9% 18% San City Diego 13.4% 14.6% 1.2% Imperial Beach 26,655 17.7% 18.8% 1.1% 40% 9% 26% San Marcos 52,658 10.9% 12.0% 1.1% 32% 19% 17% Source; 2000 US Census; Sign-on San Diego.Com Table 17: Percentage of Families below Poverty with Children under 18 - City of San Diego by <strong>Community</strong> <strong>Community</strong> Pop. 2000 Percent Education Hispanic Less than 9 th Latino English Grade Spoken at Home Barrio Logan 2,616 38% (92113) 91% 41% 53% Barrio Logan 4,065 17% (92136) 34% 8% 47% Southeast San Diego (91945) 3,461 12% 16.5% 7.3% 9.5% San Ysidro (92173) 5,547 38.5% 95.7% 49.9% 61.9% Golden Hills (92102) 3,583 38.7% 66.6% 19.9% 42% Source: 2000 US Census; Sign-on San Diego.Com 108 Latino English Spoken at Home One of the contributing factors to the rise in poverty in San Diego is the growing number of working poor. Here, the region’s high cost of living and lack of affordable homes or rental
options have put increased pressure on the region’s migrant working class. This is confirmed by recent research of North County’s farm workers which found that 87% of Mexican farmer workers surveyed shared their dwelling with two or more households/families. 304 The average number of persons per dwelling was 7.8 and 16% did not have a telephone. 305 According to Dr. Bade, the study’s author, there are currently between 10,000 to 15,000 Mexican migrant workers residing in migrant worker camps across San Diego County, with most living in substandard and unhealthy conditions. In an effort to improve the housing conditions of Mexican migrant workers, a Carlsbad-based non-profit, Las Casitas, has been involved in the construction of adobe domed homes made of soil, strands of barbed wire for support, sandbags and a small amount of lime for support. At a cost of $400 per “casita”, the goal of Las Casitas is to convince skeptical San Diego area growers and local officials that there is a relatively easy, low-cost way to provide housing for hundreds of workers currently hidden in the area's canyons and vacant lots. 306 In San Diego, the average wage for a hospitality/tourism worker is minimum wage, and most laborers make about $10 per hour while the average entry level wage for those workers in the construction trades was $10.48 in 2002. 307 As an entry-level salary would not constitute a living wage in San Diego, it is easy to understand the driving force for some workers that are legally able to travel southward for alternative housing south of the border. Those unable to cross (due to their migration status) are increasingly becoming part of the growing number of working poor across the County. Housing and the inability to maintain a living wage is not the only challenge facing San Diego’s working poor. Delivery of critical services including food provisions is also an issue. Paradoxically, many of the food programs available to poor families and children are vastly under-utilized in San Diego. Sixty-two percent of those who qualify for food stamp programs do not use the service, and 72% of children who are eligible for school breakfast program, and 59% of children eligible for summer food service program, do not use the services. The California Food Policy Advocates attributes the under-utilization of these services to bureaucratic red tape and the stigma of receiving assistance, but another possible cause is lack of information, especially on the part of parents, who might not speak and read English well enough to either obtain information about these programs, or to apply for them. As in Tijuana, the economic pressures of maintaining a family and a household in San Diego, coupled by the challenge of linguistic isolation and fear of deportation, is likely to lead to a growing incidence among many Mexican migrant families of child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, and drug and alcohol abuse. 304 See Dr. Bonnie Bade, “Farmworkers and Farmworker Health in Vista, Ca.” (preliminary findings). Center for Border and Regional Affairs, California State University, San Marcos, November 2003. 305 See Bade (2003). 306 th Ben Fox, “Volunteers offer new solution to migrant housing shortage,” North County Times, Feb. 4 , 2002 307 Occupational Employment Survey, State of California, 2002. 109
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Blurred Borders: Trans-Boundary Imp
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Tijuana-San Diego Non-Profit Organi
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Dedication Blurred Borders is dedic
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About the Editors Richard Kiy: Kiy
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Executive Summary Over the years, t
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prosperity and long-term competitiv
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CHAPTER I WHY THE BORDER MATTERS
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While Tijuana’s economic impact t
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Table 2: San Diego County’s Hispa
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Table 4: Impressions of Tijuana by
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immigration, including ineffectual
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in 2005; and 390,000 to 439,000 in
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implementing such a system at the b
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Among the principal aims of this re
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CHAPTER II DEFINING THE BORDER AND
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Jobs alone will not keep San Diego
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For those cross-border residents th
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Table 7: San Diego Matriculas (1995
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Table 9: Selected Demographic Chara
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CHAPTER III THE CASE FOR INCREASED
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few binational fiber optic networks
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Income disparity, both between and
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Thankfully, there is a growing cons
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Identifying San Diego-Tijuana's Sha
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CHAPTER IV PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE:
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(December 2003). 94 A used home’s
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However, for many, securing a place
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areas away from San Diego’s cente
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Securing Water Supply: An Imperativ
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esidents change their energy use pa
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Regional Workbench Consortium The R
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CHAPTER V EDUCATION - ISSUES AND OP
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Ysidro Elementary School District,
Page 69 and 70: Almost 95% of secondary schools in
Page 71 and 72: example is the Binational Migrant E
Page 73 and 74: and possess a strong commitment to
Page 75 and 76: Additionally, gaps between ethnic g
Page 77 and 78: in the business world on both sides
Page 79 and 80: CHAPTER VI ENVIRONMENT—BETTER COL
Page 81 and 82: Mexico and U.S. sources into a prot
Page 83 and 84: wildlife habitat. Furthermore, othe
Page 85 and 86: projects related to air quality and
Page 87 and 88: Fisheries management is a global ch
Page 89 and 90: The project’s potential environme
Page 91 and 92: corporations, academic institutions
Page 93 and 94: Environmental Education Environment
Page 95 and 96: There are, however, unresolved envi
Page 97 and 98: What is still lacking are strong re
Page 99 and 100: public and private partnerships) wo
Page 101 and 102: Medical care in Mexico is attractiv
Page 103 and 104: per 100,000. 247 By ethnicity, Afri
Page 105 and 106: Gastro-Intestinal Diseases Intestin
Page 107 and 108: Undocumented migrant workers are es
Page 109 and 110: Hispanics represent 30% of the Cali
Page 111 and 112: County for their migrant farm worke
Page 113 and 114: Pharmaceuticals It is estimated tha
Page 115 and 116: declined over the last two decades
Page 117 and 118: collection and re-distribution) and
Page 119: Other efforts to promote community
Page 123 and 124: arrests in the Hispanic population
Page 125 and 126: strengthening the coalition. Among
Page 127 and 128: • Prisoner re-entry program in Ti
Page 129 and 130: The level of cultural exchange betw
Page 131 and 132: About the Mexico/United States Bord
Page 133 and 134: the innovative work undertaken by t
Page 135 and 136: given the post-9/11 heightened conc
Page 137 and 138: 26.2 million visitors spending in e
Page 139 and 140: Cross-Border Institutional Ties Nee
Page 141 and 142: the border region necessitate takin
Page 143 and 144: • Expand the level of elder and y
Page 145 and 146: Comisión Estatal de Servicios Púb
Page 147 and 148: Morales, Rebecca. 2001. “Educatin
Page 149 and 150: Appendix A: Crossborder Business As
Page 151 and 152: population as being native to the c
Page 153 and 154: in Mexico reported having visiting
Page 155 and 156: � First, that a majority of both
Page 157 and 158: Table 1H San Diego Survey Results -
Page 159 and 160: 1. Tijuana Results 3 Neutral 3 0.7%
Page 161 and 162: contrast is the difference in ranki
Page 163 and 164: conduct surveys at the sites. Based
Page 165 and 166: (especially for the Central San Die
Page 167 and 168: Table 2D: Crosstab - Purpose & Freq
Page 169 and 170: Appendix B LISTING OF MIGRANT-SERVI
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Escondido Community Child Developme
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TIJUANA-SAN DIEGO NON-PROFIT ORGANI
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Patronato Escuela para Padres de Ba
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EDUCATION (continued) AGENCY ADDRES
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ENVIRONMENT (continued) AGENCY ADDR
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HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (continue
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PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE: URBAN & RE
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B-29 border to enhance trade and co
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Appendix C: San Diego andTijuana At
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Definitions Canasta Basica: Defined
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