The Survivors Speak

xii • Truth & Reconciliation Commission
commemoration projects, the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
of Canada, and the provision of mental-health supports for all participants in Settlement
Agreement initiatives.
As part of its work, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada provided former
students—the Survivors of residential schools—with an opportunity to provide a statement
on their experience of residential schooling. This volume of excerpts from those
statements is being published as a part of the Commission’s final report.
At the beginning of the Commission’s work, we questioned the use of the word “Survivor.”
It seemed to be a limiting, almost pejorative word. We saw it as referring to someone who
was “just getting by,” or “beaten down.” We endeavoured to find an alternative, more suitable,
word to ascribe to those who came out of the Indian residential schools.
However, over time, we have developed a whole new respect for the word. In “Invictus”
(the title means “invincible” or “undefeated” in Latin), the English poet William Ernest
Henley (1849–1903) wrote these words:
Out of the night that covers me,
Black as the pit from pole to pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
For my unconquerable soul.
In the fell clutch of circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud.
Under the bludgeonings of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.
Beyond this place of wrath and tears
Looms but the Horror of the shade,
And yet the menace of the years
Finds and shall find me unafraid.
It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll,
I am the master of my fate,
I am the captain of my soul.