Endnotes • 227 384. TRC, AVS, William Herney, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 29 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2923. 385. TRC, AVS, Shirley Waskewitch, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 24 June 2012, Statement Number: 2011-3521. 386. TRC, AVS, Patrick Bruyere, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 16 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-16JU10-157. 387. TRC, AVS, Ernest Barkman, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Garden Hill First Nation, Manitoba, 30 March 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0123. (Translated from Oji-Cree to English by Translation Bureau, Public Works and Government Services Canada.) 388. TRC, AVS, Paul Dixon, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Val d’Or, Québec, 6 February 2012, Statement Number: SP101. 389. TRC, AVS, Rick Gilbert, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, 20 September 2013, Statement Number: 2011-2389. 390. TRC, AVS, Bob Baxter, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 24 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-24NOV10-012. 391. TRC, AVS, Betsy Annahatak, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 28 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2896. 392. TRC, AVS, Noel Knockwood, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 29 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2922. 393. TRC, AVS, Nellie Ningewance, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, 1 July 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0305. 394. TRC, AVS, Shirley Williams, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Spanish, Ontario, 12 September 2009, Statement Number: 2011-5040. 395. TRC, AVS, Daniel Andre, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon, 23 May 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0202. 396. TRC, AVS, Alan Knockwood, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Indian Brook, Nova Scotia, 12 October 2011, Statement Number: SP029. 397. TRC, AVS, Jeanne Paul, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Mission, British Columbia, 18 May 2011, Statement Number: 2011-3464. 398. TRC, AVS, Josiah Fiddler, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 18 June 2010, Statement Number: SC111. 399. TRC, AVS, Nick Sibbeston, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, 30 June 2011, Statement Number: NNE202. 400. TRC, AVS, Jack Anawak, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, 30 June 2011, Statement Number: NNE202. 401. TRC, AVS, Murray Crowe, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, 1 July 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0306. 402. TRC, AVS, Joanne Morrison Methot, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 28 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2875. 403. TRC, AVS, Lydia Ross, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 16 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-16JU10-029. 404. TRC, AVS, Robert Malcolm, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 17 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-16JU10-090.
228 • Truth & Reconciliation Commission 405. TRC, AVS, Clara Quisess, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 17 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-17JU10-032. 406. TRC, AVS, Florence Horassi, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Tulita, Northwest Territories, 10 May 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0394. 407. TRC, AVS, Stephen Kakfwi, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, 30 June 2011, Statement Number: NNE202. 408. TRC, AVS, Victoria McIntosh, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 16 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-16JU10-123. 409. TRC, AVS, Megan Molaluk, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, 29 June 2011, Statement Number: SC090. 410. TRC, AVS, Elizabeth Joyce Brass, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 19 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-19JU10-005. 411. TRC, AVS, Antonette White, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, 13 April 2012, Statement Number: 2011-3984. 412. TRC, AVS, Helen Harry, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, 20 September 2013, Statement Number: 2011-3203. 413. TRC, AVS, Margaret Simpson, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 18 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-18JU10-051. 414. TRC, AVS, Ken A. Littledeer, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 26 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-24-NOV10-028. 415. TRC, AVS, Noel Knockwood, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 29 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2922. 416. TRC, AVS, John B. Custer, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 19 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-19JU10-057. 417. TRC, AVS, Hazel Ewanchuk, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 16 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-16JU10-112. 418. TRC, AVS, Elaine Durocher, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 16 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-16JU10-059. 419. TRC, AVS, David Charleson, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Deroche, British Columbia, 20 January 2010, Statement Number: 2011-5043. 420. TRC, AVS, Isabelle Whitford, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Keeseekoowenin First Nation, Manitoba, 28 May 2010, Statement Number: S-KFN-MB-01-004. 421. TRC, AVS, Betsy Olson, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 21 June 2012, Statement Number: 2011-4378. 422. TRC, AVS, Noel Knockwood, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 29 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2922. 423. TRC, AVS, Mary Lou Iahtail, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 5 February 2011, Statement Number: 01-ON-05FE11-005. 424. TRC, AVS, Leona Agawa, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, 6 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-4-6 NOV10-006. 425. TRC, AVS, Dorothy Ross, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 25 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-24NOV10-014. 426. TRC, AVS, Margaret Paulette, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Eskasoni, Nova Scotia, 14 October 2011, Statement Number: SP030.
- Page 1 and 2:
The Survivors Speak A Report of the
- Page 3 and 4:
This report is in the public domain
- Page 5 and 6:
Abuse .............................
- Page 7 and 8:
vi • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 9 and 10:
viii • Truth & Reconciliation Com
- Page 11 and 12:
x • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 13 and 14:
xii • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 16:
Introduction Before the Survivor-in
- Page 19 and 20:
4 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 21 and 22:
6 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 23 and 24:
8 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 25 and 26:
10 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 27 and 28:
12 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 29 and 30:
14 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 31 and 32:
16 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 34 and 35:
A place of refuge “They’d be in
- Page 36:
A place of refuge • 21 In some ca
- Page 39 and 40:
24 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 41 and 42:
26 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 43 and 44:
28 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 45 and 46:
30 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 47 and 48:
32 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 49 and 50:
34 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 51 and 52:
36 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 53 and 54:
38 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 55 and 56:
40 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 57 and 58:
42 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 59 and 60:
44 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 62 and 63:
Language and culture “How am I go
- Page 64 and 65:
Language and culture • 49 told he
- Page 66 and 67:
Language and culture • 51 mind an
- Page 68 and 69:
Language and culture • 53 Later t
- Page 70 and 71:
Language and culture • 55 Robert
- Page 72 and 73:
Language and culture • 57 learned
- Page 74 and 75:
Bedwetting “Shame on you.” The
- Page 76 and 77:
Bedwetting • 61 got back to the s
- Page 78 and 79:
Daily life “We were programmed.
- Page 80 and 81:
Daily life • 65 was done with a w
- Page 82:
Daily life • 67 Martha Minoose re
- Page 85 and 86:
70 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 87 and 88:
72 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 89 and 90:
74 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 91 and 92:
76 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 94 and 95:
Chores “We were like slaves.” B
- Page 96 and 97:
Chores • 81 Emily Kematch said on
- Page 98:
Chores • 83 lift the window like
- Page 101 and 102:
86 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 103 and 104:
88 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 105 and 106:
90 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 107 and 108:
92 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 109 and 110:
94 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 111 and 112:
96 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 113 and 114:
98 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 115 and 116:
100 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 117 and 118:
102 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 119 and 120:
104 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 121 and 122:
106 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 124 and 125:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 126 and 127:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 128 and 129:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 130:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 133 and 134:
118 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 135 and 136:
120 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 137 and 138:
122 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 139 and 140:
124 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 141 and 142:
126 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 144:
Regimentation “Only the devil wri
- Page 147 and 148:
132 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 149 and 150:
134 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 151 and 152:
136 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 154 and 155:
Discipline “I saw violence for th
- Page 156 and 157:
Discipline • 141 Joanne Morrison
- Page 158 and 159:
Discipline • 143 my ear so hard.
- Page 160 and 161:
Discipline • 145 When, when somet
- Page 162 and 163:
Discipline • 147 So, all the boys
- Page 164 and 165:
Discipline • 149 stood there and
- Page 166:
Discipline • 151 I never saw him,
- Page 169 and 170:
154 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 171 and 172:
156 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 173 and 174:
158 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 175 and 176:
160 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 177 and 178:
162 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 179 and 180:
164 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 181 and 182:
166 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 183 and 184:
168 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 185 and 186:
170 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 187 and 188:
172 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 189 and 190:
174 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 192 and 193: Medical attention “We never saw a
- Page 194 and 195: Medical attention • 179 I don’t
- Page 196: Medical attention • 181 doctor.
- Page 199 and 200: 184 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 201 and 202: 186 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 203 and 204: 188 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 205 and 206: 190 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 207 and 208: 192 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 209 and 210: 194 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 212 and 213: Cadets “I’ve learned and heard
- Page 214 and 215: Improvements “There was a lot mor
- Page 216 and 217: The end “The doors are closing fo
- Page 218: The end • 203 And I could remembe
- Page 221 and 222: 206 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 224 and 225: Endnotes Preface 1. Canada, Annual
- Page 226 and 227: Endnotes • 211 37. TRC, AVS, Doro
- Page 228 and 229: Endnotes • 213 81. TRC, AVS, Roy
- Page 230 and 231: Endnotes • 215 123. TRC, AVS, Mar
- Page 232 and 233: Endnotes • 217 166. TRC, AVS, Jol
- Page 234 and 235: Endnotes • 219 210. TRC, AVS, Lou
- Page 236 and 237: Endnotes • 221 253. TRC, AVS, Eth
- Page 238 and 239: Endnotes • 223 296. TRC, AVS, Ger
- Page 240 and 241: Endnotes • 225 340. TRC, AVS, Alp
- Page 244 and 245: Endnotes • 229 427. TRC, AVS, Cla
- Page 246 and 247: Endnotes • 231 469. TRC, AVS, Wal
- Page 248 and 249: Endnotes • 233 510. TRC, AVS, Shi
- Page 250 and 251: Endnotes • 235 549. TRC, AVS, Leo
- Page 252 and 253: Endnotes • 237 593. TRC, AVS, Haz
- Page 254 and 255: Endnotes • 239 636. TRC, AVS, Noe
- Page 256 and 257: Endnotes • 241 668. TRC, AVS, Vit
- Page 258 and 259: Endnotes • 243 711. Sired, “Fro