The Survivors Speak
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14 • Truth & Reconciliation Commission<br />
In the late 1940s, Vitaline Elsie Jenner was living with her family in northern Alberta.<br />
“My, my mom and dad loved me, loved all of us a lot. <strong>The</strong>y took care of us the best that they<br />
knew how, and I felt so comfortable being at home.” This came to an end in the fall of 1951.<br />
My parents were told that we had to go to the<br />
residential school. And prior to that, at times, my<br />
dad didn’t make very much money, so sometimes<br />
he would go to the welfare to get, to get ration, or<br />
get some monies to support twelve of us. And my<br />
parents were told that if they didn’t put us in the<br />
residential school that all that would be cut off. So,<br />
my parents felt forced to put us in the residential<br />
school, eight of us, eight out of, of twelve. 30<br />
Many parents sent their children to residential<br />
school for one reason: they had been told they would<br />
be sent to jail if they kept their children at home. Ken A. Vitaline Elsie Jenner.<br />
Littledeer’s father told him that “if I didn’t go to school,<br />
he’d go to jail, that’s what he told me.” As a result, he was enrolled in the Sioux Lookout,<br />
Ontario, school. 31<br />
Andrew Bull Calf was raised by his grandfather, Herbert Bull Calf. When he was enrolled<br />
in residential school in Cardston, Alberta, his grandfather was told “that if he didn’t bring<br />
me, my grandfather would be ... would go to jail and be<br />
charged.” 32<br />
When Martha Minoose told her mother she did<br />
not wish to return to the Roman Catholic school in<br />
Cardston, her mother explained, “If you don’t go to<br />
school, your dad is going to go to jail. We are going to<br />
get a letter written in red that’s very serious.” 33<br />
Maureen Gloria Johnson went to the Lower Post<br />
school in northern British Columbia in 1959.<br />
I went there with a bus. <strong>The</strong>y load us all up on a bus,<br />
and took us. And I remember my, my mom had<br />
Andrew Bull Calf.<br />
a really hard time letting us kids go, and she had,<br />
she had a really hard time. She begged the priest,<br />
and the priest said it was law that we had to go, and if we didn’t go, then my parents<br />
would be in trouble. 34<br />
In the face of such coercion, parents often felt helpless and ashamed. Paul Dixon<br />
attended residential schools in Ontario and Québec. Once he spoke to his father about his<br />
experience at the schools. According to Dixon, “He got angry and said, ‘I had no choice,<br />
you know.’ It really, it really hit me hard. I wasn’t accusing him of anything, you know, I