Endnotes • 231 469. TRC, AVS, Walter Jones, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, 14 April 2012, Statement Number: 2011-4008. 470. TRC, AVS, Marguerite Wabano, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Moosonee, Ontario, 28 February 2013, Statement Number: 2011-4491 (Translated from Swampy Cree by Wintranslation, 2015_073_1). 471. TRC, AVS, Isaac Daniels, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 22 June 2012, Statement Number: 2011-1779. 472. TRC, AVS, Dora Necan, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Ignace, Ontario, 3 June 2011, Statement Number: 2011-1503. 473. TRC, AVS, Nellie Cournoyea, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, 28 June 2011, Statement Number: NNE105. 474. TRC, AVS, Lawrence Waquan, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 18 June 2010, Statement Number: SC111. 475. TRC, AVS, Roy Denny, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Eskasoni, Nova Scotia, 14 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2678. 476. TRC, AVS, Richard Morrison, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 17 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-17JU10-080. 477. TRC, AVS, Beverley Anne Machelle, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon, 27 May 2011, Statement Number: 2011-1133. 478. TRC, AVS, Doug Beardy, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 14 December 2011, Statement Number: 2011-4197. 479. TRC, AVS, Isabelle Whitford, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Keeseekoowenin First Nation, Manitoba, 28 May 2010, Statement Number: S-KFN-MB-01-004. 480. TRC, AVS, Rachel Chakasim, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Timmins, Ontario, 9 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-4-6NOV10-019. 481. TRC, AVS, Ricky Kakekagumick, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 15 December 2011, Statement Number: 2011-4200. 482. TRC, AVS, Dorothy Jane Beaulieu, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, 28 April 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0379. 483. TRC, AVS, Stella Marie Tookate, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Timmins, Ontario, 9 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-8-10NOV10-003. 484. TRC, AVS, Fred Brass, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Key First Nation, Saskatchewan, 21 January 2012, Statement Number: SP039. 485. TRC, AVS, Geraldine Bob, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, 23 November 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2685. 486. TRC, AVS, Joanne Morrison Methot, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 28 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2875. 487. TRC, AVS, Alfred Nolie, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Alert Bay, British Columbia, 20 October 2011, Statement Number: 2011-3293. 488. TRC, AVS, Ron Windsor, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Kitamaat Village, British Columbia, 1 December 2011, Statement Number: 2011-3307. 489. TRC, AVS, Ken A. Littledeer, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 26 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-24-NOV10-028.
232 • Truth & Reconciliation Commission 490. TRC, AVS, Doug Beardy, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 14 December 2011, Statement Number: 2011-4197. 491. TRC, AVS, Frances Tait, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, 13 April 2012, Statement Number: 2011-3974. 492. TRC, AVS, Alphonsine McNeely, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories, 13 July 2010, Statement Number: 01-NWT-JY10-002. 493. TRC, AVS, Mervin Mirasty, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 21 June 2012, Statement Number: 2011-4391. 494. TRC, AVS, Diana Lariviere, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Little Current, Ontario, 13 May 2011, Statement Number: 2011-2011. 495. TRC, AVS, Lynda Pahpasay McDonald, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 16 June 2010, Statement Number: 02-MB-16JU10-130. 496. TRC, AVS, Wesley Keewatin, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Gambier Island, British Columbia, 28 July 2011, Statement Number: 2011-3276. 497. TRC, AVS, Inez Dieter, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Regina, Saskatchewan, 16 January 2012, Statement Number: SP035. For potential of hearing loss resulting from slaps to ears, see: Rehman, Hamid, Sangoo, et al., “Pattern of Hearing Loss,”124. 498. TRC, AVS, Delores Adolph, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Mission, British Columbia, 19 May 2011, Statement Number: 2011-3458. 499. TRC, AVS, Dorothy Ross, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 25 November 2010, Statement Number: 01-ON-24NOV10-014. 500. TRC, AVS, Archie Hyacinthe, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Kenora, Ontario, 15 March 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0279. 501. TRC, AVS, Joseph Wabano, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Albany, Ontario, 29 January 2013, Statement Number: SP099. 502. TRC, AVS, Edmund Metatawabin, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Albany, Ontario, 28 January 2013, Statement Number: SP098. For details on chair, see: Metatawabin, Up Ghost River, 63, 79, 80, 222. 503. TRC, AVS, Simeon Nakoochee, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Albany, Ontario, 28 January 2013, Statement Number: 2011-4316. 504. TRC, AVS, Jonas Grandjambe, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories, 15 July 2010, Statement Number: 01-NWT-JY10-024. 505. TRC, AVS, Margaret Plamondon, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, 6 May 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0387. 506. TRC, AVS, Noel Starblanket, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Regina, Saskatchewan, 16 January 2012, Statement Number: 2011-3314. 507. TRC, AVS, Adam Highway, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Pelican Narrows, Saskatchewan, 14 February 2012, Statement Number: 2011-1781. (Translated from Woodland Cree to English by Translation Bureau, Public Works and Government Services Canada.) 508. TRC, AVS, Earl Clarke, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Poundmaker First Nation, Saskatchewan, 30 June 2010, Statement Number: 01-SK-JU10-002. 509. TRC, AVS, Ernest Barkman, Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Garden Hill First Nation, Manitoba, 30 March 2011, Statement Number: 2011-0123. (Translated from Oji-Cree to English by Translation Bureau, Public Works and Government Services Canada.)
- Page 1 and 2:
The Survivors Speak A Report of the
- Page 3 and 4:
This report is in the public domain
- Page 5 and 6:
Abuse .............................
- Page 7 and 8:
vi • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 9 and 10:
viii • Truth & Reconciliation Com
- Page 11 and 12:
x • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 13 and 14:
xii • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 16:
Introduction Before the Survivor-in
- Page 19 and 20:
4 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 21 and 22:
6 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 23 and 24:
8 • Truth & Reconciliation Commis
- Page 25 and 26:
10 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 27 and 28:
12 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 29 and 30:
14 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 31 and 32:
16 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 34 and 35:
A place of refuge “They’d be in
- Page 36:
A place of refuge • 21 In some ca
- Page 39 and 40:
24 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 41 and 42:
26 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 43 and 44:
28 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 45 and 46:
30 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 47 and 48:
32 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 49 and 50:
34 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 51 and 52:
36 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 53 and 54:
38 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 55 and 56:
40 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 57 and 58:
42 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 59 and 60:
44 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 62 and 63:
Language and culture “How am I go
- Page 64 and 65:
Language and culture • 49 told he
- Page 66 and 67:
Language and culture • 51 mind an
- Page 68 and 69:
Language and culture • 53 Later t
- Page 70 and 71:
Language and culture • 55 Robert
- Page 72 and 73:
Language and culture • 57 learned
- Page 74 and 75:
Bedwetting “Shame on you.” The
- Page 76 and 77:
Bedwetting • 61 got back to the s
- Page 78 and 79:
Daily life “We were programmed.
- Page 80 and 81:
Daily life • 65 was done with a w
- Page 82:
Daily life • 67 Martha Minoose re
- Page 85 and 86:
70 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 87 and 88:
72 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 89 and 90:
74 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 91 and 92:
76 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 94 and 95:
Chores “We were like slaves.” B
- Page 96 and 97:
Chores • 81 Emily Kematch said on
- Page 98:
Chores • 83 lift the window like
- Page 101 and 102:
86 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 103 and 104:
88 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 105 and 106:
90 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 107 and 108:
92 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 109 and 110:
94 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 111 and 112:
96 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 113 and 114:
98 • Truth & Reconciliation Commi
- Page 115 and 116:
100 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 117 and 118:
102 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 119 and 120:
104 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 121 and 122:
106 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 124 and 125:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 126 and 127:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 128 and 129:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 130:
Fear, loneliness, and emotional neg
- Page 133 and 134:
118 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 135 and 136:
120 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 137 and 138:
122 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 139 and 140:
124 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 141 and 142:
126 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 144:
Regimentation “Only the devil wri
- Page 147 and 148:
132 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 149 and 150:
134 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 151 and 152:
136 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 154 and 155:
Discipline “I saw violence for th
- Page 156 and 157:
Discipline • 141 Joanne Morrison
- Page 158 and 159:
Discipline • 143 my ear so hard.
- Page 160 and 161:
Discipline • 145 When, when somet
- Page 162 and 163:
Discipline • 147 So, all the boys
- Page 164 and 165:
Discipline • 149 stood there and
- Page 166:
Discipline • 151 I never saw him,
- Page 169 and 170:
154 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 171 and 172:
156 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 173 and 174:
158 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 175 and 176:
160 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 177 and 178:
162 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 179 and 180:
164 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 181 and 182:
166 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 183 and 184:
168 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 185 and 186:
170 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 187 and 188:
172 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 189 and 190:
174 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 192 and 193:
Medical attention “We never saw a
- Page 194 and 195:
Medical attention • 179 I don’t
- Page 196: Medical attention • 181 doctor.
- Page 199 and 200: 184 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 201 and 202: 186 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 203 and 204: 188 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 205 and 206: 190 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 207 and 208: 192 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 209 and 210: 194 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 212 and 213: Cadets “I’ve learned and heard
- Page 214 and 215: Improvements “There was a lot mor
- Page 216 and 217: The end “The doors are closing fo
- Page 218: The end • 203 And I could remembe
- Page 221 and 222: 206 • Truth & Reconciliation Comm
- Page 224 and 225: Endnotes Preface 1. Canada, Annual
- Page 226 and 227: Endnotes • 211 37. TRC, AVS, Doro
- Page 228 and 229: Endnotes • 213 81. TRC, AVS, Roy
- Page 230 and 231: Endnotes • 215 123. TRC, AVS, Mar
- Page 232 and 233: Endnotes • 217 166. TRC, AVS, Jol
- Page 234 and 235: Endnotes • 219 210. TRC, AVS, Lou
- Page 236 and 237: Endnotes • 221 253. TRC, AVS, Eth
- Page 238 and 239: Endnotes • 223 296. TRC, AVS, Ger
- Page 240 and 241: Endnotes • 225 340. TRC, AVS, Alp
- Page 242 and 243: Endnotes • 227 384. TRC, AVS, Wil
- Page 244 and 245: Endnotes • 229 427. TRC, AVS, Cla
- Page 248 and 249: Endnotes • 233 510. TRC, AVS, Shi
- Page 250 and 251: Endnotes • 235 549. TRC, AVS, Leo
- Page 252 and 253: Endnotes • 237 593. TRC, AVS, Haz
- Page 254 and 255: Endnotes • 239 636. TRC, AVS, Noe
- Page 256 and 257: Endnotes • 241 668. TRC, AVS, Vit
- Page 258 and 259: Endnotes • 243 711. Sired, “Fro