Global Change Abstracts The Swiss Contribution - SCNAT

Global Change Abstracts – The Swiss Contribution | Human Dimensions
and Southern Sumatera grids. Additionally, various
barriers in technical, institutional, financial,
and other aspects have been identified as the justifications
to pass the additionality test.
Energy Policy, 2007, V35, N7, JUL, pp 3952-3966.
08.1-403
Short-term effects of carbon monoxide on
mortality: An analysis within the APHEA
project
Samoli E, Touloumi G, Schwartz J, Anderson H R,
Schindler C, Forsberg B, Vigotti M A, Vonk J, Kosnik
M, Skorkovsky J, Katsouyanni K
Greece, USA, England, Switzerland, Sweden, Italy,
Netherlands, Slovenia, Czech Republic
Medicine , Human & Public Health
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the short-term effects
of carbon monoxide on total and cardiovascular
mortality in 19 European cities participating
in the APHEA-2 (Air Pollution and Health: A European
Approach) project. METHODS: We examined
the association using hierarchical models implemented
in two stages. In the first stage, data from
each city were analyzed separately, whereas in the
second stage the city- specific air pollution estimates
were regressed on city-specific covariates
to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources
of possible heterogeneity. We evaluated the sensitivity
of our results by applying different degrees
of smoothing for seasonality control in the cityspecific
analysis. RESULTS: We found significant
associations of CO with total and cardiovascular
mortality. A 1-mg/m(3) increase in the 2-day mean
of CO, levels was associated with a 1.20% (95% confidence
interval (CI), 0.63-1.77%) increase in total
deaths and a 1.25% (95% CI, 0.30-2.21%) increase
in cardiovascular deaths. There was indication of
confounding with black smoke and nitrogen dioxide,
but the pollutant- adjusted effect of CO on
mortality remained at least marginally statistically
significant. The effect of CO on total and cardiovascular
mortality was observed mainly in western
and southern European cities and was larger
when the standardized mortality rate was lower.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this large study are
consistent with an independent effect of CO on
mortality. The heterogeneity found in the effect
estimates among cities may be explained partly by
specific city characteristics.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, V115,
N11, NOV, pp 1578-1583.
191
08.1-404
A synopsis of land use, land-use change and
forestry (LULUCF) under the Kyoto Protocol
and Marrakech Accords
Schlamadinger B, Bird N, Johns T, Brown S,
Canadell J, Ciccarese L, Dutschke M, Fiedler J,
Fischlin A, Fearnside P, Forner C, Freibauer A, Frumhoff
P, Hoehne N, Kirschbaum M U F, Labat A, Marland
G, Michaelowa A, Montanarella L, Moutinho
P, Murdiyarso D, Pena N, Pingoud K, Rakonczay Z,
Rametsteiner E, Rock J, Sanz M J, Schneider U A,
Shuidenko A, Skutsch M, Smith P, Somogyi Z, Trines
E, Ward M, Yamagata Y
Austria, USA, Australia, Italy, Germany, Switzerland,
Brazil, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Finland, Belgium,
Spain, Netherlands, Scotland, Hungary, New Zealand,
Japan
Agriculture, Soil Sciences , Political Sciences , International
Relations , Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
The complexities inherent in land use, land-use
change and forestry (LULUCF) activities have led
to contentious and prolonged debates about the
merits of their inclusion in the 2008-2012 first
commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Yet the
inclusion of these activities played a key role in
agreement on the general framework of the Kyoto
Protocol, and LULUCF will likely continue to play
a substantial part in negotiations on national
commitments post-2012. The Marrakech Accords
dictate which LULUCF activities are to be included
under the Kyoto Protocol and provide rules on how
they are to be accounted in the first commitment
period. However, these rules have limitations and
drawbacks that may be avoided in the structure
of future commitments beyond 2012. Through
adherence to the objectives of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate. Change (UN-
FCCC), and the incorporation of several critical
features, a future framework can more effectively
address the mitigation challenges and opportunities
of this sector.
Environmental Science Policy, 2007, V10, N4, JUN,
pp 271-282.
08.1-405
How is climate change perceived in relation
to other socioeconomic and environmental
threats in Nairobi, Kenya?
Shisanya C A, Khayesi M
Kenya, Switzerland
Social Sciences , Economics , Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
This article examines the perception of climate
change, in relation to 21 other socioeconomic
and environmental problems, on the part of 132