Global Change Abstracts The Swiss Contribution - SCNAT

More documents

Recommendations

Info

36 Global Change Abstracts – The Swiss Contribution | Short List of all Abstracts New concepts of Be-10 AMS at low energies (08.1-435) Grajcar M, Döbeli M, Kubik P W, Synal H A, Wacker L, Suter M Terrestrial ecotoxicity and effect factors of metals in life cycle assessment (LCA) (08.1-436) Haye S, Slaveykova V I, Payet J Challenges for forestry and forest research - How to promote effective cooperation between science and practice? (08.1-437) Jäger J, Pluess A, Klank C, Ghazoul J Environmental impacts of conventional and sustainable investment funds compared using inputoutput life-cycle assessment (08.1-438) Köllner T, Suh S, Weber O, Moser C, Scholz R W Problem-oriented environmental research: The view of geography and landscape ecology on science and application (08.1-439) Leser H Linking models of land use, resources, and economy to simulate the development of mountain regions (ALPSCAPE) (08.1-440) Lundstroem C, Kytzia S, Walz A, Gret Regamey A, Bebi P Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment (08.1-441) Nowack B, Bucheli T D Life cycle assessment in the telecommunication industry: A review (08.1-442) Scharnhorst W Agricultural decline, landscape change, and outmigration: Debating the sustainability of three scenarios for a Swiss mountain region (08.1-443) Soliva R Advances in particle identification in AMS at low energies (08.1-444) Suter M, Döbeli M, Grajcar M, Müller A, Stocker M, Sun G, Synal H A, Wacker L MICADAS: A new compact radiocarbon AMS system (08.1-445) Synal H A, Stocker M, Suter M Restoring dense vegetation can slow mountain erosion to near natural benchmark levels (08.1-446) Vanacker V, von Blanckenburg F, Govers G, Molina A, Poesen J, Deckers J, Kubik P W Wooden building products in comparative LCA (08.1-447) Werner F, Richter K
Global Change Abstracts – The Swiss Contribution | Atmosphere 37 1.1 Atmosphere 08.1-1 Identification of the mass spectral signature of organic aerosols from wood burning emissions Alfarra M R, Prevot A S H, Szidatt S, Sandradewi J, Weimer S, Lanz V A, Schreiber D, Mohr M, Baltensperger U Switzerland Urban Studies , Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Throughout the winter months, the village of Roveredo, Switzerland, frequently experiences strong temperature inversions that contribute to elevated levels of particulate matter. Wood is used as fuel for 75% of the domestic heating installations in Roveredo, which makes it a suitable location to study wood burning emissions in the atmosphere in winter. An Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (Q-AMS) was used to characterize the composition of the submicrometer, non- refractory aerosol particles at this location during two field campaigns in March and December 2005. Wood burning was found to be a major source of aerosols at this location in winter. Organics dominated the composition of the aerosols from this source, contributing up to 85% of the total AMS measured mass during the afternoon and evening hours. Carbonaceous particle analysis showed that organic carbon composed up to 86% of the total carbon mass collected at evening times. Results from C-14 isotope determination revealed that up to 94% of the organic mass came from nonfossil sources, which can be attributed mostly to wood burning. The unique combination of offline C-14 isotope analysis and on-line aerosol mass spectrometry was used to identify periods during which organic mass was mainly from wood burning emissions and allowed for the identification of the AMS spectral signature of this source in the atmosphere. The identified ambient signature of wood burning was found to be very similar to the mass spectral signature obtained during the burning of chestnut wood samples in a small stove and also to the spectrum of levoglucosan. Particles from wood burning appeared to be composed of highly oxygenated organic compounds, and mass fragments 60, 73, and 137 have been suggested as marker fragments for wood burning aerosols. Mass fragment 44, which is used as a marker for oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA), contributed about 5% to the total organic signal from primary wood burning sources, The ratio of the organic mass emitted from wood burning to m/z 60 in Roveredo is 36. This ratio may be used to provide an estimate of the organic aerosol mass emitted from wood burning in other locations. Environmental Science Technology, 2007, V41, N16, AUG 15, pp 5770-5777. 08.1-2 A new atmospheric aerosol phase equilibrium model (UHAERO): organic systems Amundson N R, Caboussat A, He J W, Martynenko A V, Landry C, Tong C, Seinfeld J H USA, Switzerland Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences , Modelling In atmospheric aerosols, water and volatile inorganic and organic species are distributed between the gas and aerosol phases in accordance with thermodynamic equilibrium. Within an atmospheric particle, liquid and solid phases can exist at equilibrium. Models exist for computation of phase equilibria for inorganic/water mixtures typical of atmospheric aerosols; when organic species are present, the phase equilibrium problem is complicated by organic /water interactions as well as the potentially large number of organic species. We present here an extension of the UHAERO inorganic thermodynamic model (Amundson et al., 2006c) to organic/water systems. Phase diagrams for a number of model organic/water systems characteristic of both primary and secondary organic aerosols are computed. Also calculated are inorganic/organic/water phase diagrams that show the effect of organics on inorganic deliquescence behavior. The effect of the choice of activity coefficient model for organics on the computed phase equilibria is explored. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007, V7, N17, pp 4675-4698. 08.1-3 Equilibrium sorption of gaseous organic chemicals to fiber filters used for aerosol studies Arp H P H, Schwarzenbach R P, Goss K U Switzerland Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences , Engineering Fiber filters commonly used to collect aerosols for various analyses also collect gaseous organic chemicals during sampling. These sorbed chemicals can lead to serious artifacts, particularly when analyzing aerosols for organic compounds and organic carbonaceous material. To date, this sorption process has only been looked at for a few types of filters and compound classes. This work presents a comprehensive study of this sorption process for various, widely used fiber filters and a broad variety of compound classes. Furthermore, important factors have been investigated, including relative humidity, temperature, baking and exposure to ambient air during sampling. From these data, poly-parameter linear-free energy relationships were derived that allow for estimations of sorption constants of gaseous organic compounds on different filter types. Based on the results, recommendations are provided to help
Page 1 and 2: Global Change Abstracts The Swiss C
Page 3 and 4: Global Change Abstracts - The Swiss
Page 35: Global Change Abstracts - The Swiss
Page 87 and 88:
Global Change Abstracts - The Swiss
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
show all

Global Change Abstracts The Swiss Contribution - SCNAT

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?