Global Change Abstracts The Swiss Contribution - SCNAT

60
08.1-61
The impact of NOx, CO and VOC emissions on
the air quality of Zürich airport
Schürmann G, Schäfer K, Jahn C, Hoffman H,
Bauerfeind M, Fleuti E, Rappenglück B
Germany, Switzerland, USA
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Atmospheric Environment, 2007, V41, N26, AUG,
pp 5553-5554.
08.1-62
Dewpoint and humidity measurements and
trends at the summit of Mount Washington,
New Hampshire, 1935-2004
Seidel T M, Grant A N, Pszenny A A P, Allman D J
USA, Switzerland
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Meteorological conditions have been recorded at
the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire,
(44 degrees 16 ‘ N, 71 degrees 18 ‘ W, 1914
m ASL) since November 1932. Use of consistent
instrumentation allows analysis of humidity
measurements as calculated from error- checked
dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and
pressure during the period 1935-2004. This paper
presents seasonally and annually averaged dewpoint
temperature, mixing ratio, and relative humidity
means and trends, including clear-air and
fog subsets and, beginning in 1939, day and night
subsets. The majority of linear trends are negative
over the full study period, although these decreases
are not constant, with relatively large (small)
values in the mid-1950s (late 1970s). Annual mean
dewpoint (water vapor mixing ratio) over the 70-yr
period has decreased by 0.06 degrees C decade(-1)
(0.01 g kg(-1) decade(-1)). During this period the annual
frequency of fog increased by 0.5% decade(-1).
Dewpoint and mixing ratio trends, both generally
decreasing, differ by season; they are smallest in
spring and greatest in fall. Relative humidity has
decreased most in winter. The clear-air subset
shows significant decreases in both dewpoint and
mixing ratio for all seasons except spring.
Journal of Climate, 2007, V20, N22, NOV 15, pp
5629-5641.
08.1-63
Assessment of the performance of ECCozonesondes
under quasi-flight conditions
in the environmental simulation chamber:
Insights from the Juelich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison
Experiment (JOSIE)
Smit H G J, Straeter W, Johnson B J, Oltmans S J,
Davies J, Tarasick D W, Hoegger B, Stubi R, Schmidlin
F J, Northam T, Thompson A M, Witte J C, Boyd
I, Posny F
Global Change Abstracts – The Swiss Contribution | Atmosphere
Germany, USA, Switzerland, Reunion
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences , Modelling
(1) Since 1996, quality assurance experiments
of electrochemical concentration cell (ECC)
ozonesondes of two different model types (SPC-6A
and ENSCI-Z) have been conducted in the environmental
simulation facility at the Research Centre
Juelich within the framework of the Juelich Ozone
Sonde Intercomparison Experiment (JOSIE). The
experiments have shown that the performance
characteristics of the two ECC-sonde types can be
significantly different, even when operated under
the same conditions. Particularly above 20 km
the ENSCI-Z sonde tends to measure 5-10% more
ozone than the SPC-6A sonde. Below 20 km the differences
are 5% or less, but appear to show some
differences with year of manufacture. There is a
significant difference in the ozone readings when
sondes of the same type are operated with different
cathode sensing solutions. Testing the most
commonly used sensing solutions showed that for
each ECC- manufacturer type the use of 1.0% KI
and full buffer gives 5% larger ozone values compared
with the use of 0.5% KI and half buffer, and
as much as 10% larger values compared with 2.0%
KI and no buffer. For ozone sounding stations
performing long term measurements this means
that changing the sensing solution type or ECCsonde
type can easily introduce a change of +/- 5%
or more in their records, affecting determination
of ozone trends. Standardization of operating procedures
for ECC-sondes yields a precision better
than +/-(3-5)% and an accuracy of about +/-(5-10)%
up to 30 km altitude.
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
2007, V112, ND19, OCT 11 ARTN: D19306.
08.1-64
Modelling heavy metal fluxes from traffic into
the environment
Steiner M, Boller M, Schulz T, Pronk W
Switzerland
Modelling , Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
A new method is presented which allows emissions
of traffic into the environment to be described
as a function of road distance. The method
distinguishes different types of emissions (runoff,
spray and drift), which are determined by measurements
and mass balances of a specified road
section. The measurement of two-dimensional
pollutant concentrations in the road shoulder is
an important part of the method. In a case study
performed at Burgdorf, Switzerland, the method
was applied to the determination of the spatial
distribution of heavy metal emissions. The results
show that between 36 and 65% of the heavy met-