Hacking_and_Penetration_Testing_with_Low_Power_Devices

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BeagleBone capes 131 pull-up resistor. Pins A0 and A1 should also be tied high, but two jumpers or dip switches must be used to allow these pins to be tied low. This 2-bit addressing of capes allows up to four capes to be installed assuming that the signals used by each cape allow interoperation. After a BeagleBone has booted, a cape manager process will read the EEPROMs of all connected capes. The format for the EEPROM data can be found in the System Reference Manual. Data stored include board name, manufacturer, version, number of pins used, maximum currents on each bus, and pin configuration information. There are 74 configurable pins out of the 92 pins on the BeagleBone expansion headers. Two bytes is required to describe the configuration of each pin. The cape manager uses this information to ensure proper cape configuration. A prototype board or other cape that lacks an EEPROM will require that appropriate device tree overlays be manually loaded. Device tree overlays will be described briefly later in this chapter. XBee MINI-CAPE As previously discussed, we will use IEEE 802.15.4 or XBee networking to remotely command our army of hacking drones. If you want more than just a few drones, using a cape to connect your XBee modems might be preferable to hardwiring the modems as described early in this chapter. We’ll get our feet wet with an XBee min-cape. The mini-cape presented here is easily built with hobby printed circuit board (PCB) kits. The single-sided (copper trace on one side only) board is a mere 1.25 2.20 in.. Several of these can be made from commonly available board sizes. There are a number of ways to produce small circuit boards. Do not fear if you have never done something like this before. The mini-cape and other boards presented in this book were created using the popular EAGLE CAD software from CadSoft (http://www.cadsoftusa.com/eaglepcb-design-software). CadSoft offers a lot of EAGLE licensing levels. There is a free version of EAGLE limited to smaller boards with two or less signal layers that are more than sufficient for creating BeagleBone capes. The schematic for the mini-cape is shown in Figure 6.6. Connectors JP1 and JP2 connect to expansion headers P9 and P8, respectively. JP1 and JP2 are connected to pins 1-22 and 1-10, respectively. Power is supplied by the first four pins on P9. Pins 1 and 2 are ground. The BeagleBone provides 3.3 V power on pins 3 and 4. The LEDs for XBee power and association are optional. Eliminating the LEDs reduces power consumption and also makes the cape more stealthy. One possible use of P9 pins 21 and 22 is UART2 (TTYO2) transmit and receive, respectively. Recall that the complete set of possibilities for all of the expansion header pins can be found in the System Reference Manual. P9 pins 21 and 22 are connected to DIN and DOUT, respectively, on the XBee modem. The two connections on P8 are both optional. Pins 7 and 9 on P8 can be used as general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins. Pin 7 is tied to the XBee reset pin. The reset pin is active low, which means that connecting this pin to ground for more than
132 CHAPTER 6 Input and output devices FIGURE 6.6 XBee mini-cape schematic. 200 nanoseconds will cause the modem to reset. Pin 9 is connected to the sleep pin on the XBee. Applying 3.3 V to the sleep pin causes the modem to sleep. It will awaken once this voltage is removed. Jumpers JP3 and JP4 are used to break the connection to P8 pins 7 and 9, in order to prevent other capes from malfunctioning, if the sleep and reset functionality will not be used. The circuit board design is shown in Figure 6.7. The circuit tracing is entirely on the bottom side of the board. All of the connectors and components are installed on the top of the board. The two 10-pin connectors for attaching the XBee modem are Harwin M22-7131042 and its equivalent. Any of the standard breakaway pin headers such as Mouser part number 649-68000-436HLF can be used for JP1, JP2, JP3, and JP4. Naturally, two jumpers will be required if you intend to use the reset and sleep functionality. The board can be built in a number of ways. The traditional method is to apply a protective coating to a copper-clad circuit board wherever tracings are desired and then chemically etch away the copper everywhere else. There is some variation in the way the protective coating is applied. Jameco sells a PCB kit (part number 2113244) that comes with boards that have been pretreated with a photosensitive coating normally referred to as photoresist. The treated boards come in sealed foil packets and also have protective paper. Once the photoresist on these boards has been exposed to light, it loses its resistance to the board etching solution. The circuit board pattern is printed on transparent film, and the board is exposed to ultraviolet light for several minutes and then placed in the etching solutions until all undesired copper has dissolved away. While making your own circuit boards with special lights and chemicals might sound difficult, don’t be afraid of trying your hand at this. It is not as difficult as it may first appear. A nice tutorial is available on the Jameco website http://www. jameco.com/Jameco/PressRoom/makeoneetch.html. People have been using the photoresist method to create circuit boards for decades. There are also other newer methods available. One such method is to
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Hacking and Penetration Testing wit
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Hacking and Penetration Testing wit
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Dedicated to my favorite wife, my f
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Contents Foreword..................
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Contents ix Network Hubs and Switch
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Foreword So I will start out this f
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Author Biography Dr. Philip Polstra
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Acknowledgments First and foremost,
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CHAPTER Meet the deck 1 INFORMATION
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The deck 3 FIGURE 1.1 Collection of
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The deck 5 FIGURE 1.4 Fern WiFi Cra
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The deck 7 MODES OF OPERATION One o
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The deck 9 stores data only on a lo
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Summary 11 I knew that The Deck, wh
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CHAPTER Meet the beagles 2 INFORMAT
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Texas instruments devices 15 FIGURE
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Texas instruments devices 17 proces
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Texas instruments devices 21 The AD
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Texas instruments devices 23 WHY NO
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CHAPTER Installing a base operating
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Introduction 29 FIGURE 3.2 QNX smar
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Introduction 31 FIGURE 3.4 Android
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Introduction 33 (http://openembedde
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Introduction 35 FIGURE 3.6 Arch Lin
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Introduction 37 Sabayon In the phys
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Introduction 39 Table 3.7 Fedora Pe
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Introduction 41 tar xJf debian*.xz
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Ubuntu options 43 supportive commun
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Creating a microSD Card 45 Device t
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Chapter 3 Appendix: digging deeper
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CHAPTER Filling the toolbox 4 INFOR
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Adding a graphical environment 57 b
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Adding a graphical environment 59 W
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Adding a graphical environment 61 t
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Adding tools the easy way 63 The li
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Adding tools the easy way 65 check_
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Adding tools the easy way 67 echo -
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Adding tools the hard way 69 # chec
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Adding tools the hard way 71 descri
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Adding tools the hard way 73 FIGURE
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Page 98 and 99: Adding tools the hard way 81 FIGURE
Page 100 and 101: Adding tools the hard way 83 FIGURE
Page 102 and 103: Adding tools the hard way 85 dl_src
Page 104 and 105: Starter set of tools 87 and possibl
Page 106 and 107: Starter set of tools 89 #get John w
Page 108 and 109: Starter set of tools 91 The company
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER Powering The Deck 5 INFORMA
Page 112 and 113: Power requirements 95 the city and
Page 114 and 115: Power sources 97 WALL POWER When it
Page 116 and 117: Power sources 99 Thanks to commonly
Page 118 and 119: Power sources 101 Table 5.2 Duracel
Page 120 and 121: Reducing power consumption 103 REDU
Page 122 and 123: Penetration testing with a single b
Page 138 and 139: Summary 121 site. In-depth testing
Page 140 and 141: CHAPTER Input and output devices 6
Page 142 and 143: Display options 125 FIGURE 6.1 LCD7
Page 144 and 145: IEEE 802.11 wireless 127 The Alfa A
Page 146 and 147: BeagleBone capes 129 FIGURE 6.4 UAR
Page 150 and 151: BeagleBone capes 133 FIGURE 6.7 XBe
Page 152 and 153: BeagleBone capes 135 Newly created
Page 154 and 155: BeagleBone capes 137 Table 6.1 Cape
Page 156 and 157: BeagleBone capes 139 If you don’t
Page 158 and 159: Penetration testing with a single r
Page 170 and 171: Summary 153 if "done" in status.ite
Page 172 and 173: CHAPTER Building an army of devices
Page 174 and 175: Using IEEE 802.15.4 networking 157
Page 176 and 177: Configuring IEEE 802.15.4 modems 15
Page 184 and 185: Remote control the easy way 167 FIG
Page 186 and 187: Remote control via python 169 seria
Page 188 and 189: Remote control via python 171 impor
Page 190 and 191: Remote control via python 173 elif
Page 192 and 193: Remote control via python 175 dnum
Page 194 and 195: Remote control via python 177 rc_na
Page 196 and 197: Remote control via python 179 The M
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Remote control via python 181 } [ "
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Remote control via python 183 Merel
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Saving power 185 on the modem. The
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Adding security 187 a different cha
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Expanding Your Reach 189 FIGURE 7.1
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Penetration testing with multiple d
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Summary 203 # if IP and MAC aren’
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CHAPTER Keeping your army secret 8
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Hiding devices 207 FIGURE 8.2 At fi
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Hiding devices 209 FIGURE 8.4 Car d
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Hiding devices 211 FIGURE 8.7 Wirel
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Hiding devices 213 FIGURE 8.11 Unde
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Hiding devices 215 FIGURE 8.14 Unde
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FIGURE 8.17 Inside the Dalek Desk D
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FIGURE 8.21 The haxtar. The haxtar
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Installing devices 221 example, wea
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CHAPTER Adding air support 9 INFORM
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Building the AirDeck 225 Latte is s
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Building the AirDeck 227 what you a
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Using your aerial drone 229 Power i
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Using your aerial drone 231 Install
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Alternative aircraft 233 else { //
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CHAPTER Future directions 10 INFORM
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Closing thoughts 237 For reasons me
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Index Note: Page numbers followed b
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Index 241 configuration, 77-79, 83f
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Index 243 Python scripts, 143-144 w
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