Hacking_and_Penetration_Testing_with_Low_Power_Devices

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Texas instruments devices 19 FIGURE 2.6 BeagleBone as viewed from below. The following information comes from the BeagleBone System Reference Manual, which is available at http://circuitco.com/support/index.php?title¼BeagleBone#Rev_ A6A. Like the BeagleBoard-xM, the BeagleBone features a Cortex-A8 processor, albeit in a different package and at a slightly lower speed. The big upside to this is that the same software and operating systems that run on the BeagleBoard-xM also run on the BeagleBone. Given that the BeagleBoard has been out since 2008, there is a large selection of operating systems and software available. The BeagleBone has 256 MB of DDR2 RAM, half of what is found in the BeagleBoard-xM. This can be an issue when running some larger applications (such as the Metasploit framework). It does compare very favorably to the 2 KB of RAM found in the Arduino, however. System information such as board name, revision, and serial number is stored in a 32 KB (4 KB for early editions) EEPROM on the BeagleBone. Most of the EEPROM space is unused leaving it available to applications and/or the operating system. Incidentally, the Arduino also has 32 KB of nonvolatile storage in the form of flash memory, which is used to store a bootloader and a single program. The BeagleBone may be powered by a 5 V DC power adapter or by USB. A Texas Instruments TPS65127B power management chip is utilized on the Beagle- Bone. It should be noted that when powered by the USB client port, the CPU speed is limited to 500 MHz in order to assure that sufficient power is available to run the board and any USB peripherals. A DC power supply delivering 5 0.1 V at 1 A is recommended when using the DC power input.
20 CHAPTER 2 Meet the beagles Another plus for the BeagleBone over the Arduino is support for USB. A USB hub on BeagleBone allows multiple USB devices to use a single cable. When connected to a PC, the BeagleBone presents itself as a serial debug port, a JTAG port, and a USB0 port, which is directly connected to the processor. A single USB host port is provided that can supply up to 500 mA at 5 V when the BeagleBone is powered by a DC power supply. When the BeagleBone is powered by USB, only lowpower devices, such as keyboards and mice, should be plugged into the USB host port. Like the BeagleBoard-xM, the BeagleBone features a microSD socket. The microSD is used to store the operating system and other files as the BeagleBone has no built-in storage. Access is 4 bits (standard for SD cards). The BeagleBone supports standard 3.3 V microSD cards including high-capacity cards. While the Arduino does not have built-in support for SD storage, a number of shields are available to provide this support if you don’t mind giving up several GPIO lines. Another advantage of the BeagleBone over the Arduino is built-in fast Ethernet. Unlike the BeagleBoard-xM, Ethernet is supported with a dedicated networking chip, not one that also does USB. The chip used is a SMSC LAN8710A. Because of this difference, the BeagleBone reports a consistent MAC address and will likely be assigned the same address on each boot when connected to networks utilizing DHCP. Expansion capes are attached to the BeagleBone via two 46-pin headers. Up to four stackable capes may be used at once provided they don’t interfere with each other. It is hard to imagine a project that the BeagleBone can’t handle. There are up to 66 GPIO pins available (compared to only 14 on the Arduino). It is important to note that GPIO pins on the BeagleBone are 3.3 V, not 5 V. A full LCD touchscreen with backlight is supported. An additional SD/MMC card can be connected to the BeagleBone via processor pins, which are exposed to the expansion headers. There are two common standards for connecting peripherals to embedded electronics: SPI and I2C. Both of these standards are supported by the BeagleBone. There are two SPI and two I2C connections. Each of these connections supports multiple devices. The second I2C interface must be used with care as it is used by the BeagleBone to identify and configure capes (more detail on this is forthcoming). The Arduino supports one SPI and one I2C connection. Four serial ports are available via the expansion headers. One of these serial ports will be used to connect the IEEE 802.15.4 radios used in our remote hacking drones. The BeagleBone also supports two CAN buses. The fairly low-speed, but reliable CAN protocol is commonly used in automobiles but may be found in other contexts. Timers, analogue to digital converters (ADCs), and pulse width modulation (PWM) round out the BeagleBone’s expansion capabilities. Four time outputs are exported to the expansion headers. These timers can be very useful for periodic tasks or for restarting components on a cape. Seven analogue to digital conversion (ADC) channels capable of making up to 100,000 measurements per second are provided.
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Page 6 and 7: Dedicated to my favorite wife, my f
Page 8 and 9: Contents Foreword..................
Page 10 and 11: Contents ix Network Hubs and Switch
Page 12 and 13: Foreword So I will start out this f
Page 14 and 15: Author Biography Dr. Philip Polstra
Page 16 and 17: Acknowledgments First and foremost,
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER Meet the deck 1 INFORMATION
Page 20 and 21: The deck 3 FIGURE 1.1 Collection of
Page 22 and 23: The deck 5 FIGURE 1.4 Fern WiFi Cra
Page 24 and 25: The deck 7 MODES OF OPERATION One o
Page 26 and 27: The deck 9 stores data only on a lo
Page 28 and 29: Summary 11 I knew that The Deck, wh
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER Meet the beagles 2 INFORMAT
Page 32 and 33: Texas instruments devices 15 FIGURE
Page 34 and 35: Texas instruments devices 17 proces
Page 38 and 39: Texas instruments devices 21 The AD
Page 40 and 41: Texas instruments devices 23 WHY NO
Page 42 and 43: Texas instruments devices 25 FIGURE
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER Installing a base operating
Page 46 and 47: Introduction 29 FIGURE 3.2 QNX smar
Page 48 and 49: Introduction 31 FIGURE 3.4 Android
Page 50 and 51: Introduction 33 (http://openembedde
Page 52 and 53: Introduction 35 FIGURE 3.6 Arch Lin
Page 54 and 55: Introduction 37 Sabayon In the phys
Page 56 and 57: Introduction 39 Table 3.7 Fedora Pe
Page 58 and 59: Introduction 41 tar xJf debian*.xz
Page 60 and 61: Ubuntu options 43 supportive commun
Page 62 and 63: Creating a microSD Card 45 Device t
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 3 Appendix: digging deeper
Page 72 and 73: CHAPTER Filling the toolbox 4 INFOR
Page 74 and 75: Adding a graphical environment 57 b
Page 76 and 77: Adding a graphical environment 59 W
Page 78 and 79: Adding a graphical environment 61 t
Page 80 and 81: Adding tools the easy way 63 The li
Page 82 and 83: Adding tools the easy way 65 check_
Page 84 and 85: Adding tools the easy way 67 echo -
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Adding tools the hard way 69 # chec
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Adding tools the hard way 71 descri
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Adding tools the hard way 73 FIGURE
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Adding tools the hard way 85 dl_src
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Starter set of tools 87 and possibl
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Starter set of tools 89 #get John w
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Starter set of tools 91 The company
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CHAPTER Powering The Deck 5 INFORMA
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Power requirements 95 the city and
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Power sources 97 WALL POWER When it
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Power sources 99 Thanks to commonly
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Power sources 101 Table 5.2 Duracel
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Reducing power consumption 103 REDU
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Penetration testing with a single b
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Summary 121 site. In-depth testing
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CHAPTER Input and output devices 6
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Display options 125 FIGURE 6.1 LCD7
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IEEE 802.11 wireless 127 The Alfa A
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BeagleBone capes 129 FIGURE 6.4 UAR
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BeagleBone capes 131 pull-up resist
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BeagleBone capes 133 FIGURE 6.7 XBe
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BeagleBone capes 135 Newly created
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BeagleBone capes 137 Table 6.1 Cape
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BeagleBone capes 139 If you don’t
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Penetration testing with a single r
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Summary 153 if "done" in status.ite
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CHAPTER Building an army of devices
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Using IEEE 802.15.4 networking 157
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Configuring IEEE 802.15.4 modems 15
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Remote control the easy way 167 FIG
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Remote control via python 169 seria
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Remote control via python 171 impor
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Remote control via python 173 elif
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Remote control via python 175 dnum
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Remote control via python 177 rc_na
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Remote control via python 179 The M
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Remote control via python 181 } [ "
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Remote control via python 183 Merel
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Saving power 185 on the modem. The
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Adding security 187 a different cha
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Expanding Your Reach 189 FIGURE 7.1
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Penetration testing with multiple d
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Summary 203 # if IP and MAC aren’
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CHAPTER Keeping your army secret 8
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Hiding devices 207 FIGURE 8.2 At fi
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Hiding devices 209 FIGURE 8.4 Car d
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Hiding devices 211 FIGURE 8.7 Wirel
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Hiding devices 213 FIGURE 8.11 Unde
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Hiding devices 215 FIGURE 8.14 Unde
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FIGURE 8.17 Inside the Dalek Desk D
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FIGURE 8.21 The haxtar. The haxtar
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Installing devices 221 example, wea
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CHAPTER Adding air support 9 INFORM
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Building the AirDeck 225 Latte is s
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Building the AirDeck 227 what you a
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Using your aerial drone 229 Power i
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Using your aerial drone 231 Install
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Alternative aircraft 233 else { //
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CHAPTER Future directions 10 INFORM
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Closing thoughts 237 For reasons me
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Index Note: Page numbers followed b
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Index 241 configuration, 77-79, 83f
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Index 243 Python scripts, 143-144 w
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