Hacking_and_Penetration_Testing_with_Low_Power_Devices

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BeagleBone capes 135 Newly created GPIO devices are set to inputs as this is the safest option. They may be changed to outputs by echoing “out” to the /sys/class/gpio/gpiok/direction pseudo file. The keywords “high” and “low” may also be used to set a pin to output and simultaneously set its value. Using “out” will set the value to low, which would cause the XBee modem to reset in our case as the XBee reset pin is active low. The value of a GPIO k is set or read as appropriate using the /sys/class/gpio/ gpiok/value pseudo file. Values are read using cat /sys/class/gpio/gpiok/value and written via echo n > /sys/class/gpio/gpiok/value, where n is 0 or 1. Note that output GPIO pins may also be read. The following script will set up the Beagle- Bone correctly to use the XBee reset and sleep functionality of the mini-cape. This script could also be run from /etc/rc.local to make this configuration persistent across reboots: #!/bin/bash # This script will setup the GPIO lines on P8 pins 7 & 9 # which are used by for reset and sleep, respectively on the Xbee # mini-cape as described in the book # Hacking and Penetration Testing With Low Power Devices # by Dr. Phil Polstra # pin P8-7 is gpio2[2] or gpio66 # pin P8-9 is gpios[5] or gpio69 # enable gpio66 as output and set to high to prevent Xbee reset echo 66 > /sys/class/gpio/export echo high > /sys/class/gpio/gpio66/direction # enable gpio69 as output and set to low to prevent Xbee sleep echo 69 > /sys/class/gpio/export echo low > /sys/class/gpio/gpio69/direction XBee CAPE Having presented an XBee mini-cape, the design is easily expanded to a proper full cape. The biggest change in going to the full cape is the addition of an appropriate EEPROM. A 6-pin header has also been added to this design to allow the XBee to be programmed via an FTDI 3.3 V USB to serial cable (part number TTL-232R-3 V3). If you intend to use an FTDI cable, be certain to purchase the 3.3 V version and not the 5.0 V version as the latter will almost certainly fry your XBee modem. The FTDI cable should only be used on a cape that is disconnected from the BeagleBone, never when the cape is attached to an energized BeagleBone. The XBee cape schematic is presented in Figure 6.8. Jumpers JP1 and JP2 are used to set the I2C address of the EEPROM to allow multiple capes to be used simultaneously. Connector JP3 will accept the FTDI cable referenced above to allow the XBee modem to be programmed without removing it from the cape. As previously mentioned, this programming should be done with the cape removed from the BeagleBone. The BeagleBone outline from Adafruit was used in the generation of this cape (https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Eagle-Library).
136 CHAPTER 6 Input and output devices FIGURE 6.8 Full-featured XBee cape schematic. As with the mini-cape, the reset and sleep can be disconnected from the pins on expansion header P8 to avoid interference with other capes that use the same pins should this functionality not be used. Jumpers JP5 and JP6 can be pulled to disable XBee sleep and reset, respectively. The association and power LEDs (LED1 and LED2, respectively) and their current-limiting resistors are optional. Eliminating the LEDs reduces power consumption and increases stealth. The XBee cape described here should be commercially available by the time you are reading this. If you have built your own cape, however, you will need to program the EEPROM in order for the BeagleBone to properly recognize and configure things. Fortunately, this process is quite simple once you have everything put together. The System Reference Manual provides details on the format for the EEPROM file. Table 6.1 provides a summary of the EEPROM contents. The data in the Pin Usage field of the EEPROM are used to configure the pins properly. Two bytes is required for each of the 74 configurable pins. Each pin’s position within this field is specified in the System Reference Manual. Table 6.2 explains the format of each 2 byte pin descriptor. The XBee cape uses at most 4 pins. If the reset and sleep have been disabled by pulling the jumpers JP5 and JP6, only two pins are used by the cape. The pins used and corresponding EEPROM values are summarized in Table 6.3. If JP1 and JP2 are both installed, the EEPROM will have an I2C address of 0x54. Once an appropriate EEPROM file has been created, it is easily uploaded to the cape using the following command: cat xbee-eeprom.bin > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/1- 0054/eeprom. The following simple script will create a properly formatted file to be written to the cape EEPROM:
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Hacking and Penetration Testing wit
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Hacking and Penetration Testing wit
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Dedicated to my favorite wife, my f
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Contents Foreword..................
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Contents ix Network Hubs and Switch
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Foreword So I will start out this f
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Author Biography Dr. Philip Polstra
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Acknowledgments First and foremost,
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CHAPTER Meet the deck 1 INFORMATION
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The deck 3 FIGURE 1.1 Collection of
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The deck 5 FIGURE 1.4 Fern WiFi Cra
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The deck 7 MODES OF OPERATION One o
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The deck 9 stores data only on a lo
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Summary 11 I knew that The Deck, wh
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CHAPTER Meet the beagles 2 INFORMAT
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Texas instruments devices 15 FIGURE
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Texas instruments devices 17 proces
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Texas instruments devices 21 The AD
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Texas instruments devices 23 WHY NO
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CHAPTER Installing a base operating
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Introduction 29 FIGURE 3.2 QNX smar
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Introduction 31 FIGURE 3.4 Android
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Introduction 33 (http://openembedde
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Introduction 35 FIGURE 3.6 Arch Lin
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Introduction 37 Sabayon In the phys
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Introduction 39 Table 3.7 Fedora Pe
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Introduction 41 tar xJf debian*.xz
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Ubuntu options 43 supportive commun
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Creating a microSD Card 45 Device t
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Chapter 3 Appendix: digging deeper
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CHAPTER Filling the toolbox 4 INFOR
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Adding a graphical environment 57 b
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Adding a graphical environment 59 W
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Adding a graphical environment 61 t
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Adding tools the easy way 63 The li
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Adding tools the easy way 65 check_
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Adding tools the easy way 67 echo -
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Adding tools the hard way 69 # chec
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Adding tools the hard way 71 descri
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Adding tools the hard way 73 FIGURE
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Page 102 and 103: Adding tools the hard way 85 dl_src
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Page 108 and 109: Starter set of tools 91 The company
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER Powering The Deck 5 INFORMA
Page 112 and 113: Power requirements 95 the city and
Page 114 and 115: Power sources 97 WALL POWER When it
Page 116 and 117: Power sources 99 Thanks to commonly
Page 118 and 119: Power sources 101 Table 5.2 Duracel
Page 120 and 121: Reducing power consumption 103 REDU
Page 122 and 123: Penetration testing with a single b
Page 138 and 139: Summary 121 site. In-depth testing
Page 140 and 141: CHAPTER Input and output devices 6
Page 142 and 143: Display options 125 FIGURE 6.1 LCD7
Page 144 and 145: IEEE 802.11 wireless 127 The Alfa A
Page 146 and 147: BeagleBone capes 129 FIGURE 6.4 UAR
Page 148 and 149: BeagleBone capes 131 pull-up resist
Page 150 and 151: BeagleBone capes 133 FIGURE 6.7 XBe
Page 154 and 155: BeagleBone capes 137 Table 6.1 Cape
Page 156 and 157: BeagleBone capes 139 If you don’t
Page 158 and 159: Penetration testing with a single r
Page 170 and 171: Summary 153 if "done" in status.ite
Page 172 and 173: CHAPTER Building an army of devices
Page 174 and 175: Using IEEE 802.15.4 networking 157
Page 176 and 177: Configuring IEEE 802.15.4 modems 15
Page 184 and 185: Remote control the easy way 167 FIG
Page 186 and 187: Remote control via python 169 seria
Page 188 and 189: Remote control via python 171 impor
Page 190 and 191: Remote control via python 173 elif
Page 192 and 193: Remote control via python 175 dnum
Page 194 and 195: Remote control via python 177 rc_na
Page 196 and 197: Remote control via python 179 The M
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Page 200 and 201: Remote control via python 183 Merel
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Saving power 185 on the modem. The
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Adding security 187 a different cha
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Expanding Your Reach 189 FIGURE 7.1
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Penetration testing with multiple d
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Summary 203 # if IP and MAC aren’
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CHAPTER Keeping your army secret 8
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Hiding devices 207 FIGURE 8.2 At fi
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Hiding devices 209 FIGURE 8.4 Car d
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Hiding devices 211 FIGURE 8.7 Wirel
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Hiding devices 213 FIGURE 8.11 Unde
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Hiding devices 215 FIGURE 8.14 Unde
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FIGURE 8.17 Inside the Dalek Desk D
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FIGURE 8.21 The haxtar. The haxtar
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Installing devices 221 example, wea
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CHAPTER Adding air support 9 INFORM
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Building the AirDeck 225 Latte is s
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Building the AirDeck 227 what you a
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Using your aerial drone 229 Power i
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Using your aerial drone 231 Install
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Alternative aircraft 233 else { //
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CHAPTER Future directions 10 INFORM
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Closing thoughts 237 For reasons me
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Index Note: Page numbers followed b
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Index 241 configuration, 77-79, 83f
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Index 243 Python scripts, 143-144 w
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