Hacking_and_Penetration_Testing_with_Low_Power_Devices

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CHAPTER Building an army of devices 7 INFORMATIONINTHISCHAPTER: • Using IEEE 802.15.4 • Configuring IEEE 802.15.4 • Using Python to command and control your army from afar • Power saving and other optimizations • Expanding your reach with 802.15.4 gateways • Penetration testing with multiple hacking drones INTRODUCTION The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) develops and maintains several standards. The 802 series of standards pertain to various forms of networking. You are likely familiar with some of these standards such as IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) and IEEE 802.11 (wireless local area networks). IEEE 802.15 defines wireless personal area network (PAN) standards. Personal area networks are short-distance networks. In many cases, a PAN is used to replace a wired connection such as a serial port. Many PANs use radio waves for communication, but some such as Infrared Data Association (IrDA) use light or other media to communicate between devices. Bluetooth is one of the best known PAN protocols. Originally standardized as IEEE 802.15.1, the Bluetooth standard is now maintained by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). IEEE 802.15.4 is another wireless PAN standard. The 300+-page IEEE 802.15.4 standard is available for download at http:// standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2011.pdf. According to the IEEE, 802.15.4 is a low-rate wireless PAN (LR-WPAN) standard with primary objectives of being easy to install, reliable, low cost, and low power usage. IEEE 802.15.4 can be configured to operate as a peer-to-peer or star (point-to-multipoint) network. It uses 64-bit extended addressing or optional 16-bit allocated short addresses. The standard defines two classes of devices: full functionality devices (FFD) and reduced functionality devices (RFD). Full functionality devices can be used as network coordinators. Reduced functionality devices are intended to be infrequently transmitting end devices. An RFD can be put to sleep and may only be associated with one FFD at a time. Hacking and Penetration Testing with Low Power Devices © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 155
156 CHAPTER 7 Building an army of devices IEEE 802.15.4 devices may operate in a number of frequency bands. Frequencies range from 779 to 10, 234 MHz. Devices only communicate with other devices on the same band. The most common band and the one we will use in this book is the 2.4 GHz band. Devices using this band can transmit at speeds up to 250 kbps. Some of the other bands provide longer range, but cannot be used in all countries. IEEE 802.15.4 devices operating in the 2.4 GHz band communicate on one of 16 available channels. The channels are numbered 11 through 26. Center frequencies vary from 2.405 to 2.480 GHz. Each channel is 5 MHz wide. USING IEEE 802.15.4 NETWORKING Digi International (http://digi.com) is one of the top manufacturers of IEEE 802.15.4 hardware. Digi markets IEEE 802.15.4 devices under the XBee brand name. Today, the XBee name is used to refer to the form factor of a family of radios (some of which are not IEEE 802.15.4 devices) sold by Digi. The XBee form factor utilizes two parallel 10-pin 2.00 mm pitch pins separated by 22.0 mm. Some people refer to all IEEE 802.15.4 devices as XBee devices even though this is not technically correct. Digi produces low-power devices known simply as XBee modems with ranges of up to 300 feet (90 m). They also make high-powered devices known as XBee-PRO modems with ranges of up to one mile (1.6 km) for devices in the 2.4 GHz band. The low-power non-PRO modems are preferred where possible for any device that is run from battery power. XBee and XBee-PRO modems from the same series operating on the same band can interoperate. There are several series of XBee devices manufactured by Digi. For simple peerto-peer or point-to-multipoint networking, the Series 1 adapters are the easiest option. Implementing mesh networking is most easily accomplished with Series 2 or ZB modems. In this book, we will use Series 1 and Series 2 adapters exclusively. As previously mentioned, IEEE 802.15.4 allows peer-to-peer and star networks to be defined. A mesh networking standard known as ZigBee built on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard was initially released in 2004. This ZigBee standard is maintained by the ZigBee Alliance (http://www.zigbee.org/). Both of these standards will be discussed in this chapter. POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT NETWORKING All XBee devices can be operated in a peer-to-peer or point-to-multipoint (star) network. The same cannot be said of mesh networks that require non-Series 1 XBee devices. Before discussing point-to-multipoint network, we will consider the simplest case of two devices in a peer-to-peer network. In its simplest form, XBee can be used to replace a wired serial connection. This functionality is very easily obtained using two XBee Series 1 adapters operating in transparent mode. In transparent mode, all data sent to the XBee modem UART
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Hacking and Penetration Testing wit
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Hacking and Penetration Testing wit
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Dedicated to my favorite wife, my f
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Contents Foreword..................
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Contents ix Network Hubs and Switch
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Foreword So I will start out this f
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Author Biography Dr. Philip Polstra
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Acknowledgments First and foremost,
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CHAPTER Meet the deck 1 INFORMATION
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The deck 3 FIGURE 1.1 Collection of
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The deck 5 FIGURE 1.4 Fern WiFi Cra
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The deck 7 MODES OF OPERATION One o
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The deck 9 stores data only on a lo
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Summary 11 I knew that The Deck, wh
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CHAPTER Meet the beagles 2 INFORMAT
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Texas instruments devices 15 FIGURE
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Texas instruments devices 17 proces
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Texas instruments devices 21 The AD
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Texas instruments devices 23 WHY NO
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CHAPTER Installing a base operating
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Introduction 29 FIGURE 3.2 QNX smar
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Introduction 31 FIGURE 3.4 Android
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Introduction 33 (http://openembedde
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Introduction 35 FIGURE 3.6 Arch Lin
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Introduction 37 Sabayon In the phys
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Introduction 39 Table 3.7 Fedora Pe
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Introduction 41 tar xJf debian*.xz
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Ubuntu options 43 supportive commun
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Creating a microSD Card 45 Device t
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Chapter 3 Appendix: digging deeper
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CHAPTER Filling the toolbox 4 INFOR
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Adding a graphical environment 57 b
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Adding a graphical environment 59 W
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Adding a graphical environment 61 t
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Adding tools the easy way 63 The li
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Adding tools the easy way 65 check_
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Adding tools the easy way 67 echo -
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Adding tools the hard way 69 # chec
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Adding tools the hard way 71 descri
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Adding tools the hard way 73 FIGURE
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Adding tools the hard way 85 dl_src
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Starter set of tools 87 and possibl
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Starter set of tools 89 #get John w
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Starter set of tools 91 The company
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CHAPTER Powering The Deck 5 INFORMA
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Power requirements 95 the city and
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Power sources 97 WALL POWER When it
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Power sources 99 Thanks to commonly
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Power sources 101 Table 5.2 Duracel
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Reducing power consumption 103 REDU
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Page 142 and 143: Display options 125 FIGURE 6.1 LCD7
Page 144 and 145: IEEE 802.11 wireless 127 The Alfa A
Page 146 and 147: BeagleBone capes 129 FIGURE 6.4 UAR
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Page 174 and 175: Using IEEE 802.15.4 networking 157
Page 176 and 177: Configuring IEEE 802.15.4 modems 15
Page 184 and 185: Remote control the easy way 167 FIG
Page 186 and 187: Remote control via python 169 seria
Page 188 and 189: Remote control via python 171 impor
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Page 192 and 193: Remote control via python 175 dnum
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Page 200 and 201: Remote control via python 183 Merel
Page 202 and 203: Saving power 185 on the modem. The
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CHAPTER Keeping your army secret 8
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Hiding devices 207 FIGURE 8.2 At fi
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Hiding devices 209 FIGURE 8.4 Car d
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Hiding devices 211 FIGURE 8.7 Wirel
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Hiding devices 213 FIGURE 8.11 Unde
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Hiding devices 215 FIGURE 8.14 Unde
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FIGURE 8.17 Inside the Dalek Desk D
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FIGURE 8.21 The haxtar. The haxtar
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Installing devices 221 example, wea
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CHAPTER Adding air support 9 INFORM
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Building the AirDeck 225 Latte is s
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Building the AirDeck 227 what you a
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Using your aerial drone 229 Power i
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Using your aerial drone 231 Install
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Alternative aircraft 233 else { //
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CHAPTER Future directions 10 INFORM
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Closing thoughts 237 For reasons me
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Index Note: Page numbers followed b
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Index 241 configuration, 77-79, 83f
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Index 243 Python scripts, 143-144 w
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