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asia policy momentum amid waning domestic political support. Most of the contenders to replace her as president in 2017 have expressed their willingness to engage with Pyongyang and to resolve the North Korean nuclear quagmire through dialogue and negotiation. China will support such a move, but it is unknown which stance the Trump administration will take. Nevertheless, it seems clear that under new leadership the South Korean government will contribute to ending the Obama administration’s policy of “strategic patience,” while rekindling the utility of negotiated settlement. [ 82 ]
oundtable • the north korean nuclear threat Old Wine in a New Bottle? China’s Korea Problem Ren Xiao China’s dealings with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) have not been easy, not even during the Korean War in which the two fought side by side. The relationship has experienced many ups and downs over the years. Most recently, the nuclear tests by North Korea and the United States’ planned deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system in South Korea have forced China to rethink its policy toward North Korea. This essay will analyze the recent interactions between China and the DPRK and examine the factors that prompted China to adopt a tougher stance toward Pyongyang. However, this policy change has been complicated and mitigated by the United States’ decision to deploy THAAD in South Korea. Given its multiple strategic interests, China must constantly balance between different players and options, and this has put it in an awkward situation. Nevertheless, together with the United States and other UN Security Council members, China supported UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2321. Looking forward, China is also faced with the uncertainties that result from South Korea’s political crisis and the transition to the Donald Trump administration in the United States. Balancing Act Since Kim Jong-il’s death and his son Kim Jong-un’s assumption of power in December 2011, the Sino-DPRK relationship has been lukewarm. Four years after the 18th Party Congress and Xi Jinping’s rise to the Chinese Communist Party’s top post, no Xi-Kim meeting has happened yet. By contrast, in that time China and the Republic of Korea (ROK) have not only exchanged state visits but also formed a free trade area, as the ROK has risen on China’s foreign policy agenda. In October 2015, Liu Yunshan—one of the seven members of China’s top leadership—traveled to Pyongyang for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Worker’s Party of Korea (WPK). China made an effort to improve the Sino-DPRK relationship, but less than three months later North Korea conducted its fourth nuclear test in January 2016. The test ren xiao is a Professor and Director of the Center for the Study of Chinese Foreign Policy at Fudan University in Shanghai. He can be reached at . [ 83 ]
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