Local/Regional Economic Development in South ... - Value Chains

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102 use of the Great Lake Park and the Central Park). The Park Regulatory Plan serves as a frame of reference for all future activities and as the legal foundation for the prevention of further illegal construction and inappropriate use of the green areas. It is also intended to offer planning and investment security to future investors. The center of a capital city like Tirana is, to a certain extent, the most important calling card for foreigners. An attractive center will also contribute to the cultural integration of Europe. Furthermore, for the population of Tirana and Albania, it is important to have a center with which they can identify themselves. The selected inner city parks will play a part in this. They fulfill their function as local recreational areas for the population of Tirana and its surrounding areas (project objective). The indirect benefits of such a development process lie in strengthened environmental protection, sustainable urban development, and improvement of planning/investment security and the city’s image. Lessons learned and key recommendations for similar projects The international tender for the urban development competition, won by a French planning team, attracted a great deal of attention from the population; it also aroused much international interest. The effective publicity of the competition made it possible to attract internationally renowned architects to guide the summer school in Tirana. This facilitated the international exchange of expertise and the training of Albanian students for later work in the city administration, and helps to develop and implement urban development planning in sub sectors (e. g. city parks). The success of this summer school motivated the lord mayor and the city administration to continue the summer school as an annual highlight for current themes relevant to city development. The response from the public is positive as well. Contacts Lucie Gumbrecht, GTZ OE 3111 lucie.gumbrecht@gtz.de Martina Craemer-Möller, GTZ OE 311 martina.craemer-moeller@gtz.de Sokol Celo, GTZ OE 3111 Albania gtz-construction@icc-al.org
5.6 Restoration of the Historical City Center and Location Development – Maintaining Building Structure and Promoting Craftsmen as a Municipal Policy Theme in Sibiu, Romania Steffen Mildner Context Sibiu, founded by German colonists in the 12th century (then called Hermannstadt), is still today the economic and cultural center of the region, famous beyond the borders of Romania for its historically important city center with its numerous monuments. The old town, with over 100 hectares and around 16,000 residents, its winding streets and picturesque plazas, forms an enclosed assemblage of buildings from the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, only a few of the total of 1,200 old buildings in the inner city are in good condition. The structure of many buildings has been severely damaged and numerous houses are in imminent danger of collapse. The loss of these buildings would hurt this historic city center more than just materially. Although the historic inner city is internationally recognized as a cultural monument, concrete support to maintain the medieval cityscape has long been limited to individual measures. The increasing deterioration of the structures, inept renovation attempts, high population density, and poor, inhumane living conditions are the clearest signals of a massive threat to the old city. In addition to the endangered structures, the decades of socialist rule also diminished the centuries-old function of the center: instead of the thriving trade center that it once was, retail trade is in a sorry state – even 10 years after the Romanian revolution; only a few hotels offer accommodations for guests and the once efficient craftsmen and women are now reduced to a few small businesses, most of which have found a niche in which to survive. Two chief causes were repeatedly given for this complex array of problems: lack of capital and time-consuming permit procedures. It was obvious that the population alone was not able to sustainably improve its living conditions and that the capacities of the local administration for sustainable, economically viable urban development were inadequate. However, it very quickly became clear that the real bottlenecks lie in the area of know-how, the lack of feasible renovation concepts, and the gap between supply and demand: • Architects, craftsmen, and banks did not recognize city-center renovation as an interesting market. • Attempts at restoration usually were directed at the unfeasible and complex renovation of individual buildings. • The restoration concepts would have required the relocation of all house residents and were therefore unaffordable for the residents. Thus, a market for renovation work could not develop: Supply and demand did not meet. Modest, gradual, and, for the owners, affordable renovation steps were not taken. A few highly simplified figures: Architects, craftsmen, and banks expected orders of between EUR 100,000 and 500,000 per building; the owners could (even with the help of external subsidies) finance only partial renovations in amounts between EUR 3,000 und 50,000. Instead of seizing the opportunity of many small projects, the business sector waited in vain for large projects. The cooperation project begun in 2000 after an orientation phase aimed to dissolve this blockade; it was charged with creating a self-sustaining market for renovation services. It is pursuing the objective of building capacity for historic city center rehabilitation and creating the framework conditions for broadly effective implementation of renovation measures. Project implementation Because the above-described situation was characterized by stagnation and obstruction, the project began with an attempt to mobilize market participants and develop viable concepts. The planning and rapid implementation of a series of small-scale demonstration measures shortly after initiation of the project showcased the alternatives to prohibitively expensive total renovation. Training courses for artisans and architects went hand in hand with active public relations work, which also helped to alleviate widespread fears among the population that they would be resettled. Since then, the project has developed and promoted participatory restoration approaches in which residents, authorities, the local business sector, and other civil-society organizations work closely together. It is the only project in the region with a methodology that centers on an integrated approach to preservation and restoration of the historic city center, linking economic, social, and legal aspects of restoration with preservation of the structures in the inner city. Two of the work areas presented here require brief explanation: Free renovation advice: A group of local architects and structural engineers was brought together and trained to advise all interested owners and renters (up to a maximum of 40 hours) free of charge. This advice is intended to provide an orientation and to help avoid mistakes. The result 103
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Division 311 South-Eastern Europe,
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Preface Promoting region-specific d
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.12 On the Path to a Learning Socie
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IHK Chamber of Commerce and Industr
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1 Einführung Introduction 9
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12 tively than working in isolation
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1 1.2 Local/Regional Economic Devel
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16 Local/regional economic developm
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The EU Context for 2 Das EU-Umfeld
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22 As was found within the EU, the
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2 The primary reasons for the posit
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26 GTZ also supports regional devel
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28 ern European partner countries G
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3.1 Slovenia - Strengthening the Ma
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3.2 Local/Regional Economic Develop
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Structure formation: If possible, L
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is the Regional Assembly, whose 84
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3. Commercial Land Management - the
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The SEE municipalities and regions
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3.5 Cluster Formation in Austria -
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oom in the automotive sector, the S
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fore it was essential to provide cl
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• have the necessary resources av
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152 and flexibility is of lesser im
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15 Lessons learned • Detailed and
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156 ordinated with important mediat
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158 further and bring in other SEE
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160 that could have provided advice
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162 Recommended reading MAP - Maced
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16 and employment demands is the fo
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166 InWEnt program (2): “Regional
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168 Specific approach Together with
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170 Development of skills and stand
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172 promotion (PACA in Serbia, loca
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17 Branimir Mirtschev, business man
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