Local/Regional Economic Development in South ... - Value Chains

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72 .8 Coastal Protection and Sustainable Tourism – Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Montenegro Thomas Waldraff Introduction The coastal region is the most densely populated region of Montenegro, where environmental problems due to uncoordinated development are becoming ever more apparent. Since March 2004, the project Integrated Coastal Zone Management, implemented by GTZ on behalf of BMZ, has been supporting the preparation of a binding steering and regulative instrument for sustainable development of the coastal zone. Twenty-five percent of Montenegro’s population lives in the coastal municipalities, which cover only 9 % of the country’s total land. The economic foundation of this region is primarily tourism, but also maritime trade and transportation, fishing, agriculture, and industry. The competing ways in which various sectors make use of the region’s resources lead to environmentally incompatible spatial development and unsustainable use of natural resources, threatening the living space and resource base of the coastal zone (land and sea). Environmental problems are becoming ever more apparent. The chief cause of this problem is the lack of an interdisciplinary spatial and institutional management and development strategy for the protection and development of the coastal zone. Short description of the approach/implementation/ results model The project concept is based on a strategy for inter-institutional and interdisciplinary cooperation. Essential elements of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP), such as horizontal and vertical cooperation/coordination procedures, environmental standards, multisector planning guidelines, monitoring/controlling, implementation and sanction instruments, will be compiled in a cooperative work process. Through specialized working groups, consisting of representatives of the municipalities, the Coastal Zone Management Agency, and the ministries, the different interests and goals are brought together into a joint management and development strategy for the coastal zone. Furthermore, through workshops, cross-regional forums and conferences, the experiences and best practices of neighboring Mediterranean countries are also evaluated and, if appropriate, incorporated into the ICZMP. By way of informational brochures and press releases, information on the ICZMP is broadly disseminated. This promotional component is supplemented by direct expert advising in the area of spatial planning and inter-institutional cooperation between staff of the Coastal Zone Management Agency and city administrations of coastal municipalities. The Coastal Zone Management Plan thus is prepared by way of an inter-institutional process, while, at the same time, the intermediaries involved in the formulation and implementation of ecological development objectives are trained and the public is continually informed. The joint preparation of an ICZMP (project output) and its implementation (use of output) will establish a steering instrument (outcome) that enables both the Coastal Zone Management Agency and the coastal municipalities to better harmonize their goals, activities, and investments, integrate private investors into a spatial development that does not further endanger the resource base of the coast, and thus jointly implement effective protective measures (impact). A highly aggregated, long-term benefit emerges from the reduction of environmental burdens, the improved use of coastal resources, and an economic and, especially, environmentally friendly, allocation of coast-related activities and investments. Objective and impact The objective is to establish an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan in line with the guidelines of the EU Barcelona Convention of 1995 as a binding regulative and steering instrument for the sustainable development of the coastal zone. The work and anticipated results are concentrated in the following core areas: • Binding procedures for inter-institutional cooperation are set out in the ICZMP. • A government controlling system to supervise private, municipal, and central government investment activity is defined in the ICZMP and guarantees environmentally compatible development of the coastal zone, providing the basis for sustainable tourism. The project creates the preconditions for long-term preservation of the coastal zone and its resources, as well as its economic and environmentally compatible development. The ICZMP improves the planning basis for investors and supports the decision-making process for implementing development and protective measures. This fosters better, more environmentally friendly, and more cost-effective public and private investment decisions and transparency in central government and municipal decision-making processes. The great potential for environmentally compatible tourism as a key municipal economic factor is strengthened in the long term by identifying appropriate areas. By reducing the uncertainty surrounding investment (including legal and planning security), Montenegro will become in-
creasingly interesting for foreign direct investment in the tourism sector. International investors have already signaled great interest in participating in the development of tourism, and initial agreements with coastal municipalities have been signed. Lesson learned and key recommendations for similar projects The extremely complex inter-institutional and interdisciplinary nature of coastal management, involving a multiplicity of relevant ministries, government institutions, coastal municipalities, etc. with very different interest and objectives, requires an extraordinary degree of negotiating skill, an inter-disciplinary team, and patience. A project term of at least five years with a budget of at least EUR 3 million is advisable. Preparing strategies/plans as steering and regulative instruments can only be a means to an end. Early and continual contact with potential (tourism) investors is thus recommended, in order to facilitate timely implementation of strategies with visible results. Contact Thomas Waldraff, GTZ OE 3112 Montenegro thomas.waldraff@gtz.de 73
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Division 311 South-Eastern Europe,
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Preface Promoting region-specific d
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.12 On the Path to a Learning Socie
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IHK Chamber of Commerce and Industr
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1 Einführung Introduction 9
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12 tively than working in isolation
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1 1.2 Local/Regional Economic Devel
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16 Local/regional economic developm
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The EU Context for 2 Das EU-Umfeld
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• • • • • • Foreign clu
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cluster must be worked out and adop
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6.5 Tourism as the Solution for Poo
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Head office Mostar Regional branche
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Project outputs Use by intermediari
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6.6 Producer Organizations and Mark
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usinesses are unlikely to be in a p
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Impact The projects are working acr
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6.8 Public-Private Partnership in A
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7 Länderübergreifende Ansätze Tr
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1 Direct support to cross-border co
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1 6 jective of the workshops is to
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1 8 7.3 Agricultural Diversificatio
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152 and flexibility is of lesser im
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15 Lessons learned • Detailed and
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156 ordinated with important mediat
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158 further and bring in other SEE
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160 that could have provided advice
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162 Recommended reading MAP - Maced
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16 and employment demands is the fo
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166 InWEnt program (2): “Regional
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168 Specific approach Together with
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170 Development of skills and stand
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172 promotion (PACA in Serbia, loca
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17 Branimir Mirtschev, business man
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