Annual Danish informative inventory report to UNECE. Emission ...

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The emissions of NMVOC originate from many different sources and
can be divided into two main groups: incomplete combustion and
evaporation. Road vehicles and other mobile sources such as national
navigation vessels and off-road machinery are the main sources of
NMVOC emissions from incomplete combustion processes. Road transportation
vehicles are still the main contributors, even though the emissions
have declined since the introduction of catalyst cars in 1990. The
evaporative emissions mainly originate from the use of solvents and the
extraction, handling and storage of oil and natural gas. The emissions
from the energy industries have increased during the nineties due to the
increasing use of stationary gas engines, which have much higher emissions
of NMVOC than conventional boilers. The total anthropogenic
emissions have decreased by 50 % from 1985 to 2009, largely due to the
increased use of catalyst cars and reduced emissions from use of solvents.
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Other mobile sources and non-industrial combustion plants contribute
significantly to the total emission of this pollutant. Transport is the second
largest contributor to the total CO emission. In 1990 a law forbidding
the burning of agricultural crop residues in the fields was implemented,
which caused a significant reduction in CO emission. The emission
decreased further by 40 % from 1990 to 2009, largely because of decreasing
emissions from road transportation.
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The particulate matter (PM) emission inventory has been reported for the
years 2000-2009. The inventory includes the total emission of particles
TSP (Total Suspended Particles), emission of particles smaller than 10 µm
(PM10) and emission of particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5).
The largest PM2.5 emission sources are residential plants (71 %), road
traffic (12 %) and other mobile sources (10 %). For the latter, the most
important sources are off-road vehicles and machinery in the industrial
sector and in the agricultural/forestry sector (28 % and 40 %, respectively).
For the road transport sector, exhaust emissions account for the
major part (64 %) of the emissions. The PM2.5 emission increased by 35 %
from 2000 to 2009 due to an increasing wood consumption in the residential
sector.
The largest TSP emission sources are the residential sector and the agricultural
sector. The TSP emissions from transport are also important and
include both exhaust emissions and the non-exhaust emissions from
brake and tyre wear and road abrasion. The non-exhaust emissions account
for 62 % of the TSP emission from road transport.
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In general, the most important sources of heavy metal emissions are
combustion of fossil fuels and waste. The heavy metal emissions have
decreased substantially in recent years, except for Cu. The reductions
span from 30 % to 92 % for Zn and Pb, respectively. The reason for the
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