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Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies Th irdly, the courses in the languages of the former Yugoslavia provided by certain elementary schools have been introduced haphazardly and only under pressure from cultural associations. As a result, and because of the social circumstances and status of these languages (which turns them into non-resources), only a small number of children are enrolled in these programmes. Outcome of the two decades of post-Yugoslav confi gurations It has turned out that the issue of new minorities that emerged as a result of economic migration across the former common state and its subsequent dissolution, has been a challenge too great for any government of sovereign Slovenia so far to tackle. Th e present extent and method of minority protection (of the Italian and Hungarian national minorities) in Slovenia rests on the basis established by the former common state, and it obviously enjoys a broad political and social consensus. However, any change in this fi eld carries with it a major political risk and causes bitter public dispute. It was proven in 2010 when the attempt by the government to include in the law programme obligations for the production of programme items aimed at communities of nations of the former Yugoslavia in Slovenia by public service broadcasting RTV Slovenia failed. Th e already adopted law with such provisions was rejected by referendum, requested by the opposition. Th erefore the adoption of the declaration by the National Assembly in February 2011, establishing a formal framework for dialogue and negotiations on the protection of minority communities of nations of the former Yugoslavia in Slovenia, with the support of the majority of political parties represented in the parliament, demonstrates a major shift aft er 20 years of ignorance. What the outcome will be of the establishment of the formal body to handle the dialogue is to be seen in the future. Th is has been a two-decade long journey for the members of the Albanian (from Kosovo), Bosniak, Croatian, Macedonian, Montenegrin and Serbian communities in Slovenia towards recognition of minority status and protection of their languages and cultural identity aft er disolution of the former Yugoslavia. It has been characterized by a specifi c form of political emancipation through the self-organization of a joint body for negotiations with the authorities. Keeping the name of the former Yugoslavia in the name of the joint body and using it in public awareness and political negotiations has contributed to a specifi c post- Yugoslav confi guration of the political alliances and cultural identities in Slovenia. 82
References Erased languages, aroused alliances - language policy and post-Yugoslav political and... Baltić, A. (2006) “Diskriminacija na osnovi etnične pripadnosti z vidika Albancev, Bošnjakov, Črnogorcev, Hrvatov, Makedoncev in Srbov” (Discrimination on the grounds of ethnic affi liation from the perspective of the Albanians, Bosniaks, Montenegrins, Croats, Macedonians and Serbs), A research report, Ljubljana: Peace Institute. Bourdieu, P. (1992) Što znači govoriti – Ekonomija jezičnih razmjena (Ce que parler veut dire. L’économie des échanges linguistiques), Zagreb: Naprijed. Bugarski, R. (1997) Jezik u kontekstu (Language in Context), Beograd: Čigoja štampa and Biblioteka XX vek. Bugarski, R. (2002) Nova lica jezika (New Faces of Language), Beograd: Biblioteka XX vek. Bugarski, R. (2009) Evropa u jeziku (Europe in Language), Beograd: Biblioteka XX vek. Fishman, J. A. (1995) “On the Limits of Ethnolinguistic Democracy”, in Skutnabb-Kangas, T. and Phillipson, R. (eds) Linguistic Human Rights – Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Gellner, E. (1991) “Nacionalizem” (“Neo-nationalism”), in Rizman, R. (ed.) Študije o etnonacionalizmu (Studies in Ethno-nationalism), Ljubljana: Krt. “Izjava o dobrih namenih Skupščine Socialistične Republike Slovenije” (“Th e Declaration of Good Intentions of the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia”) (1990) Available: http://www.bivsi-predsednik.si/1992-2002/izjava_o_dobrih.htm [20 August 2009]. Komac, M., Medvešek, M. and Roter, P. (2007) Pa mi vi povejte, kaj sem!!!? – Študija o etnični raznolikosti v Mestni občini Ljubljana (Th en you tell me what I am!? – A study on ethnic diversity in the City of Ljubljana), Ljubljana: Faculty of Social Sciences. Kordić, S. (2010) Jezik i nacionalizam (Language and Nationalism). Zagreb: Durieux. Kržišnik-Bukić, V., Komac, M. and Klopčič, V. (2003) “Položaj in status pripadnikov narodov nekdanje Jugoslavije v Sloveniji – Albanci, Bošnjaki, Črnogorci, Hrvati, Makedonci in Srbi v Republiki Sloveniji – ABČHMS v RS” (Th e situation and status of the members of nations of the former Yugoslavia in Slovenia – Albanians, Bosniaks, Montenegrins, Croats, Macedonians and Serbs in the Republic of Slovenia – ABMCMS in the RS), A research report, Ljubljana: Institute for Ethnic Studies. Kržišnik-Bukić, V. (2008) “Narodnomanjšinsko vprašanje v Sloveniji po razpadu Jugoslavije” (Th e Issue of National Minorities in Slovenia Aft er the Disolution of Yugoslavia), Razprave in gradivo, No. 56-57, Ljubljana: Institute for Ethnic Studies, pp. 120-156. Kymlicka, W. and Grin, F. (2003) “Assessing Politics of Diversity in Transition Countries”, in Daft ary, F. and Grin, F. (eds) Nation-Building, Ethnicity and Language Politics in Transition Countries, Budapest: Open Society Institute. Mežnarić, S. (1986) Bosanci. A kuda idu Slovenci nedeljom? (Bosnians. And Where Do the Slovenians Go on Sundays?), Ljubljana: Krt. 83
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C o n t e n t s Foreword . . . . .
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FOREWORD
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Cultural Identity Politics in the (
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PART ONE Histories, memories and na
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Cultural identities from the bottom
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From productivity to creativity - t
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References From productivity to cre
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Repetition of diff erence - the sea
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Report on the conference of ‘inde
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Notes on the authors PAŠKO BILIĆ
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Notes on the authors ANDREA KOMLOSY
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Culturelink Joint Publications Seri
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