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Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies Ministry of Culture (2009) “Poročilo o (so)fi nanciranju kulturnih programov in projektov v letu 2008” (Report on the (co)Funding of Cultural Programs and Projects in 2008), Ljubljana: Ministry of Culture Annual Reports, Available: http://www.mk.gov.si/si/ podatki/porocila_in_podatki/ [2 November 2009]. Močnik, R. (1998) Alterkacije. Alternativni govori i ekstravagantni članci (Alteractions. Alternative Speech and Extravagant Articles), Beograd: Biblioteka XX vek. Petković, B. (2009) “Javna govorica, družbeno izključevanje in stigmatizacija” (Public Speech, Social Exclusion and Stigmatization), MA thesis, Ljubljana: Faculty of Arts. Roter, P. (2003) “Language Issues in the Context of “Slovenian Smallness”, in Daft ary, F. and Grin, F. (eds) Nation-Building, Ethnicity and Language Politics in Transition Countries, Budimpešta: Open Society Institute. Skutnabb-Kangass, T. and Phillipson, R. (1995) “Linguistic Human Rights, Past and Present”, in Skutnabb- Kangas, T. and Phillipson, R. (ed.) Linguistic Human Rights – Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Toš, N. (1997) Vrednote v prehodu I. Slovensko javno mnenje 1968-1990 (Values in Transition I. Slovenian Public Opinion 1968-1990), Ljubljana: Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Social Sciences, Public Opinion and Mass Communication Research Centre. Ustava Republike Slovenije /Th e Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia/ (1991), Uradni list RS No. 33I/1991-I. Ustava Socialistične Republike Slovenije /Th e Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia/, Uradni list SR Slovenije No. 6/1974. 84
How social media enforce glocalization - the processes of identity change in selected Central and Southeast European countries Paško Bilić Abstract Th is article deals with interactions between technological, social and cultural factors through the perspective of globalization and glocalization. In more precise terms, the process of cultural change enforced through the use of social media and seen from a global perspective is the main focus of the article. Th rough theoretical arguments and statistical data the article focuses on the question of redefi ning cultural identities through two prominent but diametrically opposite social media: Facebook and Wikipedia. We defi ne the Internet and social media as specifi c types of disembedding mechanisms which create the communication backbone of the globalization processes. Th e global process of media and communication change through digitalization infl uences our understanding of what a medium is. In an institutional (meaning the social role and function of a specifi c medium) and the technological dimension, it is diffi cult to delineate precisely the traditional and mass from social media. Th ey are also increasingly interacting within the space opened up by the World Wide Web. Th is space should not be seen as a reality apart from the “real” but as an integrated part and a supplement to the media and communication environment that humans use. Th e case of Facebook clearly demonstrates this as the specifi c technological preconditions of the platform enable users to make their offl ine social networks visible online. In that process people renegotiate their existing identities in an online environment. As a global-repository of human knowledge and as a global memory place Wikipedia also infl uences the process of identity re-establishment. However, it does this in an entirely diff erent manner than Facebook. While Facebook is based on personal social networks and micro group identity management, by dealing with historical and cultural topics of national and global interest, Wikipedia redefi nes national identity and produces content which is publicly available in an online environment. Keywords: glocalization, disembedding mechanisms, cultural identity, Southeastern Europe, transition, social media, mass media, cyberspace 85
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C o n t e n t s Foreword . . . . .
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FOREWORD
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Cultural Identity Politics in the (
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PART ONE Histories, memories and na
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