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enterprise actors in their scaling ambitions. The focus here is
placed on the aspect of raising financial resources for the social
enterprises. The paper identifies the fundability gap and the
chain of evidence that is needed prior to successful resourcing
for faster growth. The researchers are convinced that the action
research approach is a key factor in enabling the co-creation of
a scalable solution. Key words: social entrepreneurship, HGV,
BOP, health kiosks, ownership
10:10
Experiences from a soci(et)al entrepreneurship project in
Uganda
Henricson, Kristina
Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Educating and promoting entrepreneurship is an increasingly
common way of improving economies and helping less
developed countries to reach a higher standard of living. The
students of Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship initiated
a project within social entrepreneurship in Uganda in 2007.
The basic idea was to establish an incubator and in addition
share knowledge in entrepreneurship with the people of the
village Bubulo. The incubator was powered with solar panels
placed on the roof of the incubator and would give opportunity
for locals to work also during dark hours of the day. Success
factors and success dimensions on which projects are evaluated
have been discussed widely in literature together with the
analysis of the perceptions of coordinators of international
development projects in Sub-saharan Africa (Diallo 2004,
Gow 1988). This paper aims to tell the story from another
perspective through this specific societal initiative. It aims to
show how the different stories and desires of the actors have
come together and created something new over time. Through
the individual stories from different stakeholders it is possible
to understand why the original idea had to be adjusted to the
new context and what opportunities this change brought. The
paper also deals with the challenge of the expectations and
ideas we have of others, put in the context of this project.
What can we learn from the meeting between the students
and locals? Trying to take the perspective of our unconscious
expectations and demands into consideration and include them
in the analysis of the interviews with different stakeholders
(Mullings 1999). The last part deals with some reflections
of what the project contributed with and what we can learn
from what was shared in the interviews. The paper is based
on a case study which will not be telling one objective truth
but rather different narratives presenting the various views of
the events (Dawson and Buchanan 2005). Data was mainly
collected through interviews in August 2010 but the case has
been studied continuously since 2007. By analyzing the case
with a narrative approach it will be possible to also include the
author’s own narrative as one of the voices describing what
happened and including the understanding of how that might
affect the interpretations made (Czarniawska 1999, 2004).
10:11
Shifting entrepreneurial strategies to facilitate change and
societal benefits
Andersson, Lena; Sundin, Elisabeth
Linköping University, Department of Management and
Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
Soci(et)al entrepreneurship is on both the political and the
public agenda and has been for some years. Research into
soci(et)al entrepreneurship has become a common topic
on conference programmes. One of the reasons for this is
the sometimes vivid debate regarding how to define and
demarcate soci(et)al entrepreneurship. Soci(et)al intentions is
often regarded as the lowest common denominator of soci(et)
al entrepreneurial ventures, and delimitations often position
soci(et)al entrepreneurs versus market related entrepreneurship.
In the Scandinavian countries, soci(et)al entrepreneurship is in
an early state both in terms of theory and practice. Concepts
and models used within the research field have their origins
in other parts of the world and in other times. Thus, it is of
importance to gain better knowledge of soci(et)al entrepreneurs
and entrepreneurship within this particular context. This can
be done by finding and presenting cases from these countries.
The case presented in this paper is about how a Swedish
municipality establishes a new arrangement for facilitating
growth and encouraging entrepreneurship in local businesses.
Entrepreneurship can be read into this case in more than one
way, concerning both theory and practice:
(1) The local businesses in focus of the municipal interest
are regarded as entrepreneurial when engaged in growth
enhancement.
(2) A new organization apart from the ordinary municipal
administration is constructed to facilitate the arrangement.
(3) The individuals recruited to enact new organization,
labelled ”industry developers”, are selected based on
their experience with and background in for-profit
companies, bringing their ideals of market based models of
entrepreneurship with them. When articulating their motives
of engaging themselves as municipal employees, however, they
emphasize the societal benefits of making a difference for the
local entrepreneurs.
(4) The new organization is regarded as a means of changing
the municipal bureaucracy and the industry developers has an
ambition of acting as intrapreneurs.
In this paper, the new organization is described and the
industry developers’ ways of arguing and acting is elaborated in
terms of entrepreneurship. The results point to the many faces
of entrepreneurship, showing how one and the same person
can assume several entrepreneurial roles as well as how the
entrepreneurial strategies of one person or organization tend to
change over time and space.
10:12
On the dark side of societal entrepreneurship - the case of
public promotion of small businesses
Johansson, Anders W
Linnéuniversitet, Ekonomihögskolan, Växjö, Sweden
As discussed by Johannisson e al (forthcoming) societal
entrepreneurship typically take place in the intersection
between different sectors of the society. For example New
Public Management can be seen as an entrepreneurial initiative
to translate management principles from the private sector
into the public sector. Entrepreneurship policy can be seen as
such an entrepreneurial act stemming from the public sector
with a main focus to promote private businesses. The public
sector is acting by way of producing policy programs as
well as allocating financial resources to carry through these
programs. Each year about 10.000.000.000 SEK is spent on
direct measures to promote entrepreneurship (Lundström,
fortcoming) in Sweden alone. Many of the policy text departs
from the presumption that the allocators of financial resources
have a capacity to ”pick the winners” (Johansson, 2009)
which means that they can discern where public money best
could be spent on private businesses in order to make them
grow and as a result the whole society will be gain by way
of a faster growing economy. Much research resources have
been allocated towards evaluations of policy programs. The
aim of this paper is to summarize the most important findings
about the effects in one branch of programs, programs directed
towards advising small businesses. Much of previous studies,
especially rigorous evaluations, shows no or only marginal
effects of these policy programs. Some studies even indicate
negative correlations between measures and expected results.
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