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Final Report Pilot Project - Relaciones Internacionales de la ...

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e<strong>la</strong>tion to learning outcomes and teaching/learning methods is<br />

essential for any credit system. The examination of the re<strong>la</strong>tionship<br />

and articu<strong>la</strong>tion between these elements is highly significant for the<br />

maintenance of quality.<br />

—The exp<strong>la</strong>nation of credits (in terms of curricu<strong>la</strong>r context: levels,<br />

learning outcomes, notional time and assessment regime) aids<br />

the precise exp<strong>la</strong>nation and vindication of standards. Without<br />

such <strong>de</strong>finitions and links credits remain simply cru<strong>de</strong> statements<br />

about the volume of learning.<br />

—International confi<strong>de</strong>nce in the quality of credits can only improve<br />

when national quality assurance mechanisms are rigorous, open,<br />

transparent and effective.<br />

Conclusion<br />

An effective pan-European credit accumu<strong>la</strong>tion and transfer system<br />

requires some common principles and approaches to credits. The more<br />

information and <strong>de</strong>tails that are given about the nature, context, level<br />

and application of credits, the more useful they become as a common<br />

currency for educational recognition.<br />

Tuning Management Committee. Prepared by Stephen Adam.<br />

Reference Documents<br />

ADAM, S. & GEHMLICH, V. (2000). ECTS Extension Feasibility <strong>Project</strong>. Avai<strong>la</strong>ble on<br />

the European Commission web site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/<br />

socrates/ectsext.html<br />

BOLOGNA DECLARATION (1999). Bologna Dec<strong>la</strong>ration. This can be found at the SIB<br />

web site: www.esib.org<br />

DALICHOW, F. (1997). A Comparison of Credit Systems in an International<br />

Context. Published by the German Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Ministry of Education, Science,<br />

Research and Technology, Bonn.<br />

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (1998). European Credit Transfer System ECTS Users’ Gui<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Published by the European Commission (DG Education and Culture) and avai<strong>la</strong>ble<br />

at their web site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/socrates/ ects.html<br />

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2001). ECTS Extension «Questions and Answers». These are<br />

avai<strong>la</strong>ble at the European Commission web site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/<br />

education/socrates/ectsfea.html<br />

HAUG, G. & TAUCH, C. (2001). Trends in Learning Structures in Higher Education II.<br />

221

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