VGB POWERTECH 5 (2021) - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat
VGB PowerTech - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat. Issue 5 (2021). Technical Journal of the VGB PowerTech Association. Energy is us! Nuclear power. Nuclear power plants - operation and operation experiences
VGB PowerTech - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat. Issue 5 (2021).
Technical Journal of the VGB PowerTech Association. Energy is us!
Nuclear power. Nuclear power plants - operation and operation experiences
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Radioactivity calculation <strong>for</strong> retired nuclear power plant <strong>VGB</strong> PowerTech 5 l <strong>2021</strong><br />
dict <strong>and</strong> classify the amount <strong>of</strong> radioactive<br />
waste. The exact value <strong>of</strong> this parameter is<br />
unknown at this time <strong>for</strong> the retired nuclear<br />
power plant. However, in the future, this parameter<br />
would be possible to obtain by mass<br />
spectrometer through a sample; together<br />
with the operation history the radioactivity<br />
calculation would provide a reliable radioactivity<br />
distribution <strong>for</strong> decommissioning.<br />
5. Conclusion<br />
This paper proposed an activity calculation<br />
method considering a detailed plant-specific<br />
operation history; the relative power<br />
level <strong>for</strong> every month during the plant lifetime<br />
was used. To verify the method, the<br />
calculated activity results were compared<br />
with measured activity results from neutron<br />
dosimetry sensors in five surveillance<br />
capsules representing the actual irradiation<br />
environment. There is good agreement between<br />
the calculated activity <strong>and</strong> measured<br />
activity. This method can eliminate excessive<br />
conservation in calculation to prevent<br />
overestimation <strong>of</strong> worker exposure, <strong>and</strong><br />
help establish an appropriate <strong>and</strong> reasonable<br />
dismantling <strong>and</strong> disposal strategy.<br />
Reference<br />
[1] <strong>International</strong> Atomic Energy Agency, Decommissioning<br />
<strong>of</strong> Nuclear Facilities, IAEA-<br />
TECDOC-179,” IAEA, Vienna (1975).<br />
[2] <strong>International</strong> Atomic Energy Agency, Status<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Decommissioning <strong>of</strong> Nuclear Facilities<br />
around the World, IAEA-TEC-<br />
DOC-179,” IAEA, Vienna (2004).<br />
[3] <strong>International</strong> Atomic Energy Agency, Radiological<br />
Characterization <strong>of</strong> Shut Down<br />
Nuclear Reactors <strong>for</strong> Decommissioning Purposes,”<br />
Technical Reports Series No. 389,<br />
IAEA, Vienna (1998).<br />
[4] Bouhaddane, A., <strong>and</strong> Gabriel Farkas, Calculation<br />
<strong>of</strong> induced activity in the V-230 reactor,”<br />
(2013).<br />
[5] Tanaka, Ken-ichi, <strong>and</strong> Jun Ueno, Development<br />
<strong>of</strong> a reliable estimation procedure <strong>of</strong><br />
radioactivity inventory in an BWR plant due<br />
to neutron irradiation <strong>for</strong> decommissioning,”<br />
EPJ Web <strong>of</strong> Conferences, Vol. 153,<br />
EDP Sciences, 2017.<br />
[6] Schlomer, Luc, Peter-W. Philippen, <strong>and</strong><br />
Bernard Lukas, Activation calculation <strong>for</strong><br />
the dismantling <strong>and</strong> decommissioning <strong>of</strong><br />
a light water reactor using MCNPTM<br />
with ADVANTG <strong>and</strong> ORIGEN-S.” EPJ Web<br />
<strong>of</strong> Conferences, Vol. 153, EDP Sciences,<br />
2017.<br />
[7] Volmert, Ben, et al., Validation <strong>of</strong> MCNP<br />
NPP Activation Simulations <strong>for</strong> Decommissioning<br />
Studies by Analysis <strong>of</strong> NPP Neutron<br />
Activation Foil Measurement Campaigns,”<br />
EPJ Web <strong>of</strong> Conferences, Vol. 106, EDP Sciences,<br />
2016.<br />
[8] John R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear<br />
Engineering, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2001, Chapter<br />
2.<br />
[9] Westinghouse, LTR-REA-11-65, Rev. 0<br />
RAPTOR-M3G Version 2.0 User Manual”,<br />
November 3, 2011.<br />
[10] RSIC Data Library Collection DLC-185,<br />
BUGLE-96, Coupled 47 Neutron, 20<br />
Gamma-Ray Group Cross Section Library<br />
Derived from ENDF/B-VI <strong>for</strong> LWR Shielding<br />
<strong>and</strong> Pressure Vessel Dosimetry Applications,”<br />
March 1996.<br />
[11] ASTM E 523, St<strong>and</strong>ard Test Method <strong>for</strong><br />
Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by<br />
Radiactivation <strong>of</strong> Copper”.<br />
[12] ASTM E 263, St<strong>and</strong>ard Test Method <strong>for</strong><br />
Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by<br />
Radiactivation <strong>of</strong> Iron”.<br />
[13] ASTM E 264, St<strong>and</strong>ard Test Method <strong>for</strong><br />
Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by<br />
Radiactivation <strong>of</strong> Nickel”.<br />
[14] ASTM E 844, St<strong>and</strong>ard Guide <strong>for</strong> Sensor Set<br />
Design <strong>and</strong> Irradiation <strong>for</strong> Reactor Surveillance,<br />
E706(IIC).<br />
[15] Westinghouse, WCAP-18124-NP-A, Revision<br />
0, Fluence Determination with RAP-<br />
TOR-M3G <strong>and</strong> FERRET,” July 2018.<br />
[16] RSICC Computer Code Collection CCC-<br />
650, DOORS 3.1, One-, Two, <strong>and</strong> Three-<br />
Dimensional Discrete Ordinates Neutron/<br />
Photon Transport Code System,” August<br />
1996.<br />
[17] Westinghouse Electric Company LLC,<br />
SORCERY User Manual,” December 2001.<br />
[18] Korea Hydro <strong>and</strong> Nuclear Power Co.,<br />
LTD, Kori Unit 1 Final Safety Analysis Report.<br />
[19] Korea Reactor Integrity Surveillance Technology,<br />
Final Report <strong>for</strong> the 6th Surveillance<br />
Test <strong>of</strong> the Reactor Pressure Vessel Material<br />
<strong>of</strong> Kori Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1, March<br />
2016. l<br />
<strong>VGB</strong>-St<strong>and</strong>ard<br />
Water in Nuclear Power Plants with Light-Water Reactors<br />
Part 1: Pressurised-Water Reactors. Part 2: Boiling-Water Reactors.<br />
(<strong>for</strong>merly <strong>VGB</strong>-R 401)<br />
Edition 2020 – <strong>VGB</strong>-S-401-00-2020-05-EN (<strong>VGB</strong>-S-401-00-2020-05-DE, German edition)<br />
DIN A4, Print/eBook, 92 Pages, Price <strong>for</strong> <strong>VGB</strong>-Members € 180.–, <strong>for</strong> Non-Members € 270.–, + Shipping & VAT<br />
Almost half a century after publication <strong>of</strong> the first edition <strong>of</strong> a <strong>VGB</strong>-Guideline <strong>for</strong> the Water in Nuclear<br />
Power Plants with Light-Water Reactors <strong>and</strong> approx. 13 years after the third edition in 2006, the task<br />
<strong>of</strong> a renewed adaptation <strong>of</strong> the Guideline <strong>for</strong> the Water in Light-Water Reactors as <strong>VGB</strong>-St<strong>and</strong>ard arises.<br />
This <strong>VGB</strong>-St<strong>and</strong>ard shall be the common basis <strong>for</strong> the operation <strong>of</strong> the plants. It provides the framework<br />
<strong>for</strong> operating manuals or chemical manuals, but is in no way intended to replace them.<br />
The task <strong>of</strong> these manuals is, among other things, to consider plant-specific features <strong>and</strong> to make<br />
specifications that go beyond this <strong>VGB</strong>-St<strong>and</strong>ard.<br />
This <strong>VGB</strong>-St<strong>and</strong>ard describes the water-chemical specification <strong>for</strong> the safe operation <strong>of</strong> light-water<br />
reactors based on the material concept <strong>of</strong> the Siemens/KWU <strong>and</strong> comparable plants.<br />
The revision takes into account, where appropriate, the knowledge <strong>and</strong> experience gained over the<br />
last decade in the national <strong>and</strong> international environment.<br />
<strong>VGB</strong>-St<strong>and</strong>ard<br />
<strong>for</strong> the Water in Nuclear<br />
Power Plants with<br />
Light-Water Reactors<br />
Part 1: PWR<br />
Part 2: BWR<br />
(Formerly <strong>VGB</strong>-R 401)<br />
<strong>VGB</strong>-S-401-00-2020-05-EN<br />
Notice: A background paper (<strong>VGB</strong>-S-401-91-2020-05-EN) with further notes <strong>and</strong> summarised experiences will be available in July <strong>2021</strong>.<br />
* Access <strong>for</strong> eBooks (PDF files) is included in the membership fees <strong>for</strong> Ordinary Members (operators, plant owners) <strong>of</strong> <strong>VGB</strong>. www.vgb.org/vgbvs4om<br />
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