Water as Leverage - Wadden Sea Region

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Water as Leverage for Climate Adaptation: Wadden Sea Region Fanø Challenges From Dykes to Dunes THE PROTECTION OF NORDBY As a Wadden island, Fanø is a dynamic island whose edges will always be under the influence of constant erosion and sedimentation processes. The western coastal strip grows naturally, but is subjected to severe erosion during stormy weather and spring tide, balancing out the process. The eastern coast, by contrast, has a constant chronic erosion sensitivity. In the south of the island, a project is already underway to extend the dyke of Sønderho — potentially with local building materials —, taking into account the ongoing nature conservation measures. In the north, Nordby is currently protected by a semi-circular dyke; a concrete quay wall that runs from the ferry terminal to the marina, extending into an earthen dyke both to the north and south. The 2021 risk management plan for Nordby, however, stipulates that this dyke will be insufficient when considering climate change and corresponding sea level rise, putting the whole town of Nordby at a high flood risk. This calls for a renewal of the protection strategy that is very strongly felt by the maritime population of Fanø. This strategy must be done with respect for the entire Natura2000 area of the Wadden Sea. A raised dyke also makes the docking of the ferry more difficult, so organizing the ferry inside the concrete part of the dyke is being considered. Within this project, too, consideration is being given to using local building materials to limit emissions, but this also appears to be in conflict with nature conservation. Dredging material from the Esbjerg harbor channel could be used on both dykes. HOUSING (RE)DEVELOPMENT Like any larger Wadden island, Fanø’s population sways according to two seasons. In the summer, the number of island residents increases tenfold and the summer houses and holiday facilities are well stocked. In winter, the permanent island population shrinks to a minimum. This also makes the housing supply on the island equally divided: rentable holiday facilities versus permanent housing supply. To counteract extremes, Denmark has strict legislation on acquiring property—you can only buy real estate if you hold your permanent residence there or have lived there for five years. Foreigners are even further restricted by “bopælspligt” which means that you have to live at your residence for at least 180 days per year. This is one of the reasons why Fanø does not have extremely high housing prices nor any large residential expansion plan in place compared to other Wadden islands. Another is the strong commuter relationship with the mainland. On average 24,6% of the people working on Fanø are not living on the island, while 47,4% of the islanders work elsewhere, typically in Esbjerg. It remains therefore a challenge to keep the island attractive and lively through all-year-round job creation, diversification of tourism, 10 Fanø
Setting the Scene for a Call for Action high quality infrastructure and also housing. Small explorations are underway that look at where tiny houses could be located or what the possibilities are for reprogramming old institutional buildings into collective housing facilities. This is the case, for example, in the innerdyke area in the north of Nordby. In addition, the pressure of tourism development also increases. A spatial study arose in response to a specific request to develop a hotel on the west coast. Next to that, the Udviklingsplan is researching the desired development potential of the area along the Strandvejen (from Nordby, over Rindby, to Fanø Vesterhavsbad) which is currently dominated by summer house development in the western dune area. FOSSIL-BASED MOBILITY PRESSURE Old vintage posters from the 1910s-1930s show a unique feature of Fanø: the driveable beach on the west coast of the island. Although the legendary motorcycle and car races have not been organized for almost a century, driving your car on the beach is still a must-do for every island visitor. And although Fanø was also lauded for its bicycle-friendly infrastructure, it is mainly that car idyll that still resonates in collective memory. It means that many tourists drive their car onto the ferry and explore the island, many of them arriving at peak moments of the Dragon, Music or Knitting Festivals. Also commuters are largely dependent on car ownership or bus frequencies. This puts great pressure on the infrastructure and sometimes generates long waiting times (and accompanying traffic queuing) to get back to the mainland. Both in Fanø and Esbjerg, the waiting areas for the crossing are not the most attractive places in the village and harbor. The municipality of Fanø is making efforts to significantly reduce the associated emissions by promoting bike use (free of charge on the ferry), car sharing and having the first electric ferry make the crossing. However, the current energy crisis prevents this investment from being scaled up. And the shift to more electrical vehicles often does not reduce the pressure on infrastructure and spatial needs. Fanø 11
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The Wadden Sea is one of the forefr
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TURA2000 Setting the scene for a Ca
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Borkum Setting the scene for a Call
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Further reading Planet Texel (la4sa
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water storage above ground difficul
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protected but little biodiversity?
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dredging to maintain access Water a
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Water as Leverage - Wadden Sea Region

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