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NME is a variation of this method that analyzes the normal mode correlation matrix rather than the contact matrix. The comparison to a two-spring-mass system does not apply, and so rather than maximize " we instead minimize the quantity ! 200 ! I 12 N 1 N 2. The above results in a choice of boundary that groups residues based on maximum motional correlation. As mentioned in the main text, the results were qualitatively similar to NMB, but the p-value associated with NME was higher. Accordingly, the results of NME are reported in Table 3 but not used in the combined HingeMaster predictor. Supplementary discussion Troponin C (TNC) Troponin C (TNC, Figure 6) is a member of the calmodulin superfamily of Ca 2+ binding proteins, which play crucial roles in signal transduction. TNC is an intracellular trigger protein which occurs in complex with Troponin I (TNI) and Troponin T (TNT) and has four Ca 2+ binding sites. In the presence of calcium, TNI binds to actin and tropomyosin binds to both actin and the rest of the troponin complex, inhibiting actomyosin ATPase. Tropomyosin is a highly extended α-helical coiled coil protein which is the primary mediator of the regulatory effect of Ca 2+ binding to troponin. Tropomyosin spans seven actins, accounting for a low stoichiometry of troponin to actin. Calcium binding to apo-
TNC induces a conformational change, which is transmitted to the TNI bound to the C- lobe of TNC. TN1 then releases actin and tropomyosin is displaced, allowing interaction between actin and myosin. Calcium binding in TNC is therefore the trigger for striated muscle contraction in response to Ca 2+ influx from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Houdusse et al. explain that the Troponin C structure starts with an N-terminal helix named helix N which is specific to TNC. This is followed by the first of four helix-turn- helix Ca 2+ binding domains, called EF hands. It is comprised of helices A and B which are separated by a loop. The latter contains a hinge spanning residues 32 to 38. A linker connects helix B to C, and then a loop containing a hinge at residue 70 connects C and D, forming EF hand II. Helices B and C move together as a result of flexure about these two hinges, leaving helices N,A, and D virtually unmoved. Helix D is part of a larger helix which includes the helical linker connecting the N- and C-lobes and helix E of the C- lobe. In the C lobe, a hinge appears at residues 100 and 101 between helices E and F, forming EF hand III. The structure is completed by EF hand IV, comprised of helices G and H, which show less significant hinge motion, possibly because they are bound to calcium in both 2TN4 and 4TNC, the two structures compared in this study. The HAG annotation (hinges at residues 38,39,65,66,104 and105) differs slightly from the above hinge locations. The first two hinge points differ mostly because of differing hinge selection criteria. The hinges at 104 and 105 actually align exactly with the mentioned residues 100 and 101, the difference reflecting only residue numbering differences between the Houdousse et al.’s holo structure (PDB ID 2TN4, morph ID 201
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Abstract Flexibility and domain dyn
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Flexibility and domain dynamics of
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Table of Contents Table of figures
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Can hinges be predicted by a simple
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FlexOracle (FO1, FO1M, FO) 176 Defi
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Conclusions 279 References 281 Tabl
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Table of tables Table 2.1: Amino ac
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Acknowledgements Committee: Mark Ge
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Introduction The problem of predict
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Ab initio methods attempt to model
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potential for simplification, motio
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Chapter 1: The molecular motions da
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MolMovDB is a resource for studying
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voids in proteins, helix-helix pack
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A full-feature version of FIRST5 wi
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gradual transition from the initial
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energy. Thus the first residue list
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activity, DNA-directed DNA polymera
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homology table to an entry in the C
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Highlight active sites from the CSA
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Figure 1.3: Conformational change a
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particular, we found that hinges te
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and the holo. In this case it is po
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Our molecular motions database serv
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We first made a simple GOR(Garnier-
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The morph trajectory was sterically
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protein in the Jmol window to his/h
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of the hinge was otherwise unclear,
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Catalytic Sites Atlas (nonredundant
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! ! ! ! ! h c = number of times res
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! ! ! ! µ h " d c D # H . It is eq
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As mentioned earlier, the fact that
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STRIDE[50] recognizes secondary str
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! ! alignment at this position[24,
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To test this idea, we decided to ca
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GOR method is useful for predicting
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! HI active"site (i) as 0.4 for res
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lowered, and the area under the cur
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would be preferable to the other, o
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Discussion Correlations were found
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Sequence in the immediate neighborh
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Figures p-value 0.5 0.25 0 .01 PHE
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Figure 2.3: Secondary structure Res
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Figure 2.5: Conservation: full set
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Figure 2.7: Solvent accessible surf
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completely random predictor, with a
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samples 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 80
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m = distance from nearest residues
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Hinge All Hinge Residues residues R
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in hinge residues HI p-value 1 277
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Total resid. in Hinge Atlas 54839 H
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Chi- Computer annotated set Hinge A
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BMC: Bioinformatics, we present the
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hinges. Kundu et al. use the lowest
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Domains can move relative to each o
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The quantity ! E(i) represents the
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Identification of local minima As w
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compute FoldX_energy (stability of
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energy element of each cluster was
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At least two sets of atomic coordin
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! FN (false negatives): Number of r
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We observed qualitatively (figures
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pairs of structures used to generat
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coordinate set does not significant
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The LIR family is composed of eight
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CaM is a major calcium-binding prot
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The results of running FlexOracle a
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Figure 3.2: Results for individual
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a. 139
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Figure 3.3: Folylpolyglutamate Synt
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. c. 143
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a. 145
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Figure 3.5: Lir-1 (closed) Morph ID
Page 149 and 150: . c. 149
Page 151 and 152: a. 151
Page 153 and 154: Figure 3.7: Ribose binding protein
Page 155 and 156: . c. 155
Page 157 and 158: Tables GNM 157 Single-cut predictor
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 4: HingeMaster: normal mode
Page 161 and 162: The problem of hinge prediction is
Page 163 and 164: Translation Libration Screw Motion
Page 165 and 166: ! [ K] = [ U] " [ ] 2 [ U] T Where
Page 167 and 168: generated one ROC curve for each mo
Page 169 and 170: ! ! 1 (l " k) A(k,l) = 2 % ' $ C(i,
Page 171 and 172: however, since we found that the Co
Page 173 and 174: A key part of this analysis involve
Page 175 and 176: describe its net vibrational displa
Page 177 and 178: ! Because it cuts the backbone at t
Page 179 and 180: ! ! x HingeMaster = x" # y . [6] 2
Page 181 and 182: different values of ! " * and gener
Page 183 and 184: manually select domains and color p
Page 185 and 186: E. coli resides in the periplasmic
Page 187 and 188: The results for this protein are sh
Page 189 and 190: esidues (62). As is customary we al
Page 191 and 192: FlexOracle (FO) The FlexOracle algo
Page 193 and 194: extra breakpoints based on visual i
Page 195 and 196: hinge, it is usually predicted by a
Page 197 and 198: Supplementary methods Statistical t
Page 199: ! ! ! eigenvector. The resulting re
Page 203 and 204: possibility that unexpected results
Page 205 and 206: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl
Page 207 and 208: predicted both hinges, again with m
Page 209 and 210: Most predictors (including FO, Ston
Page 211 and 212: FO, hNMb, and hNMd were completely
Page 213 and 214: HingeMaster makes a strong predicti
Page 215 and 216: Figure 4.2: ROC curves for HingeMas
Page 217 and 218: Figure 4.3: HingeMaster results for
Page 219 and 220: d. e. 219
Page 221 and 222: 221
Page 223 and 224: Figure 4.5: Human lactoferrin (open
Page 225 and 226: Figure 4.6: Troponin C (TNC) Morph
Page 227 and 228: Figure 4.7: Calmodulin, calcium fre
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Page 231 and 232: Tables Predictor Basis Max. hinge p
Page 233 and 234: test true c positive positive sensi
Page 235 and 236: 235 Closed Metal bound # of hinge p
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 5: The Conformation Explore
Page 239 and 240: ending, which involves a rigid regi
Page 241 and 242: lengths and angles)[89]. The equili
Page 243 and 244: for holo as well as apo forms, but
Page 245 and 246: queried using the “?” button. O
Page 247 and 248: coordinate. This phenomenon is know
Page 249 and 250: ! At the end of each equilibration
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aborted. This marked the correspond
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sRMSD has a major limitation that m
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with respect to the starting struct
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generated structure with respect to
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Ribose Binding Protein (RBP) As des
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strikingly similar both to the holo
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energy minimization. The minimizati
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Figures Figure 5.1: Assignment of r
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Figure 5.3: Results for glutamine b
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Figure 5.4: Results for biotin carb
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Figure 5.6: Results for Adenylate K
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close to the holo. The structure wi
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Table 5.1: MolMovDB ID, PDB ID, fre
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with sRMSD; however its main utilit
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morph server, and left confident th
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9. M Gerstein RJ, T Johnson, J Tsai
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28. Wriggers W, Schulten K: Protein
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45. Dumontier M, Yao R, Feldman HJ,
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62. Thorpe MF, D.J. Jacobs, M.V. Ch
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81. Winn MD, Isupov MN, Murshudov G
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98. Morris GM, Goodsell DS, Hallida
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115. Miyazawa T: Normal Vibrations
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