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PDB ID vs. morph ID BLAST features 35 Tools relating Motion to Sites on Structure 36 Catalytic site highlighting 36 Conservation score viewer 37 Figures 38 Chapter 2: Hinge Atlas: relating protein sequence to sites of structural flexibility 43 Overview 43 Background 46 Methods 52 Preparation of computer annotated hinge dataset 52 The Hinge Annotation Tool 51 Construction of the Hinge Atlas 55 Availability of datasets 58 Method for analyzing relative frequency of occurrence 60 Results 64 Are certain amino acids more likely to occur in hinges? 64 Are residues within a certain distance of an active site more likely to be hinge residues? 64 Are hinges segregated by secondary structure? 66 Are certain physicochemical properties preferred in hinge residues? 67 Are hinge residues conserved in evolution? 68 Are hinge residues more likely to occur on the surface? 72 How many hinge sites appear in each protein? 72 6
Can hinges be predicted by a simple GOR-like method? 72 Hinge prediction by combining sequence features 74 Checking for dataset bias 77 Bias in amino acid composition and functional classification 77 Statistical comparison of datasets 78 Similarity within morph pairs 80 Resampling of hinge residues 80 Discussion 81 Conclusions 83 Figures 84 Tables 95 Chapter 3: FlexOracle: Predicting flexible hinges by identification of stable domains 106 Overview 106 Introduction 107 Methods 110 Single-cut hinge predictor (TINKER version) 111 Single-cut predictor (FoldX version) 113 Two-cut hinge predictor 115 Results 119 Statistical evaluation 121 Single-cut predictors and GNM 123 7
Page 1 and 2: Abstract Flexibility and domain dyn
Page 3 and 4: Flexibility and domain dynamics of
Page 5: Table of Contents Table of figures
Page 9 and 10: FlexOracle (FO1, FO1M, FO) 176 Defi
Page 11 and 12: Conclusions 279 References 281 Tabl
Page 13 and 14: Table of tables Table 2.1: Amino ac
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgements Committee: Mark Ge
Page 17 and 18: Introduction The problem of predict
Page 19 and 20: Ab initio methods attempt to model
Page 21 and 22: potential for simplification, motio
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1: The molecular motions da
Page 25 and 26: MolMovDB is a resource for studying
Page 27 and 28: voids in proteins, helix-helix pack
Page 29 and 30: A full-feature version of FIRST5 wi
Page 31 and 32: gradual transition from the initial
Page 33 and 34: energy. Thus the first residue list
Page 35 and 36: activity, DNA-directed DNA polymera
Page 37 and 38: homology table to an entry in the C
Page 39 and 40: Highlight active sites from the CSA
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.3: Conformational change a
Page 45 and 46: particular, we found that hinges te
Page 47 and 48: and the holo. In this case it is po
Page 49 and 50: Our molecular motions database serv
Page 51 and 52: We first made a simple GOR(Garnier-
Page 53 and 54: The morph trajectory was sterically
Page 55 and 56: protein in the Jmol window to his/h
Page 57 and 58:
of the hinge was otherwise unclear,
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Catalytic Sites Atlas (nonredundant
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! ! ! ! ! h c = number of times res
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! ! ! ! µ h " d c D # H . It is eq
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As mentioned earlier, the fact that
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STRIDE[50] recognizes secondary str
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! ! alignment at this position[24,
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To test this idea, we decided to ca
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GOR method is useful for predicting
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! HI active"site (i) as 0.4 for res
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lowered, and the area under the cur
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would be preferable to the other, o
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Discussion Correlations were found
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Sequence in the immediate neighborh
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Figures p-value 0.5 0.25 0 .01 PHE
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Figure 2.3: Secondary structure Res
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Figure 2.5: Conservation: full set
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Figure 2.7: Solvent accessible surf
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completely random predictor, with a
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samples 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 80
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m = distance from nearest residues
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Hinge All Hinge Residues residues R
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in hinge residues HI p-value 1 277
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Total resid. in Hinge Atlas 54839 H
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Chi- Computer annotated set Hinge A
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BMC: Bioinformatics, we present the
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hinges. Kundu et al. use the lowest
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Domains can move relative to each o
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The quantity ! E(i) represents the
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Identification of local minima As w
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compute FoldX_energy (stability of
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energy element of each cluster was
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At least two sets of atomic coordin
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! FN (false negatives): Number of r
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We observed qualitatively (figures
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pairs of structures used to generat
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coordinate set does not significant
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The LIR family is composed of eight
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CaM is a major calcium-binding prot
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The results of running FlexOracle a
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Figure 3.2: Results for individual
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a. 139
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Figure 3.3: Folylpolyglutamate Synt
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. c. 143
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a. 145
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Figure 3.5: Lir-1 (closed) Morph ID
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. c. 149
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a. 151
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Figure 3.7: Ribose binding protein
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. c. 155
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Tables GNM 157 Single-cut predictor
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Chapter 4: HingeMaster: normal mode
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The problem of hinge prediction is
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Translation Libration Screw Motion
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! [ K] = [ U] " [ ] 2 [ U] T Where
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generated one ROC curve for each mo
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! ! 1 (l " k) A(k,l) = 2 % ' $ C(i,
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however, since we found that the Co
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A key part of this analysis involve
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describe its net vibrational displa
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! Because it cuts the backbone at t
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! ! x HingeMaster = x" # y . [6] 2
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different values of ! " * and gener
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manually select domains and color p
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E. coli resides in the periplasmic
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The results for this protein are sh
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esidues (62). As is customary we al
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FlexOracle (FO) The FlexOracle algo
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extra breakpoints based on visual i
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hinge, it is usually predicted by a
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Supplementary methods Statistical t
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! ! ! eigenvector. The resulting re
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TNC induces a conformational change
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possibility that unexpected results
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UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl
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predicted both hinges, again with m
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Most predictors (including FO, Ston
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FO, hNMb, and hNMd were completely
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HingeMaster makes a strong predicti
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Figure 4.2: ROC curves for HingeMas
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Figure 4.3: HingeMaster results for
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d. e. 219
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221
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Figure 4.5: Human lactoferrin (open
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Figure 4.6: Troponin C (TNC) Morph
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Figure 4.7: Calmodulin, calcium fre
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229
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Tables Predictor Basis Max. hinge p
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test true c positive positive sensi
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235 Closed Metal bound # of hinge p
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Chapter 5: The Conformation Explore
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ending, which involves a rigid regi
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lengths and angles)[89]. The equili
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for holo as well as apo forms, but
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queried using the “?” button. O
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coordinate. This phenomenon is know
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! At the end of each equilibration
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aborted. This marked the correspond
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sRMSD has a major limitation that m
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with respect to the starting struct
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generated structure with respect to
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Ribose Binding Protein (RBP) As des
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strikingly similar both to the holo
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energy minimization. The minimizati
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Figures Figure 5.1: Assignment of r
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Figure 5.3: Results for glutamine b
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Figure 5.4: Results for biotin carb
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Figure 5.6: Results for Adenylate K
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close to the holo. The structure wi
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Table 5.1: MolMovDB ID, PDB ID, fre
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with sRMSD; however its main utilit
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morph server, and left confident th
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9. M Gerstein RJ, T Johnson, J Tsai
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28. Wriggers W, Schulten K: Protein
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45. Dumontier M, Yao R, Feldman HJ,
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62. Thorpe MF, D.J. Jacobs, M.V. Ch
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81. Winn MD, Isupov MN, Murshudov G
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98. Morris GM, Goodsell DS, Hallida
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115. Miyazawa T: Normal Vibrations
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