Bulgaria - The social impact of seasonal migration

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connectivity. The question of whether this trend is also spilling over to the accession countries was a further element which needed to be assessed. What also needed appropriate attention is the issue of nationality and naturalization. Where usually nationality has been closely related to ethnic background, the new realities may create revised views and policies on this matter. With more and more people wanting to be naturalized, it is clear that the relevant laws and policies, when less than adequate, will bear the strain. This point has also been analyzed. In fact this booklet is part of a product of comprehensive research and analysis of migration trends in each of six participating EU accession countries: Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania and Bulgaria. The research project has been supported by the European Commission, DG Employment and Social Affairs, under the European Social Fund budget line “Analysis of and research on the social situation, demography and the family” and was managed by IOM Vienna. Under the title “Migration Trends in Selected EU Applicant Countries”, the following volumes are available: Volume I – Bulgaria. The Social Impact of Seasonal Migration. Volume II – The Czech Republic. The Times They Are A-Changin. Volume III – Poland. Dilemmas of a Sending and Receiving Country. Volume IV – Romania. More ‘Out’ than ‘In’ at the Crossroads between Europe and the Balkans. Volume V – Slovakia. An Acceleration of Challenges for Society. Volume VI – Slovenia. The perspective of a Country on the ‘Schengen Periphery’. VII Within the project, applied research enhancing the EU knowledge basis on migration in candidate countries to the Union has been sought. Although building on the acquired knowledge, it is no continuation of the previous IOM / ICMPD research, but is inscribed in a different logic. The particular interest here was to find out more about the effects of migration on the countries’ societies. For this purpose, a mixed methodology was conceived, taking into account the different levels of migration research in the participating countries. It has been applied and can be found in each of the six country reports as well as in the overview. The research was developed with an attempt to align the research process as far as possible. This field of research being new for the participating countries, two major disadvantages had to be faced: little research and a low number of researchers to draw upon as well as scarce data availability. However statistics and literature was found to be better in those countries which have already experienced in-migration to a certain degree (the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovenia, to a lesser degree also Slovakia), whereas Bulgaria and Romania were still greatly lacking both research and statistical apprehension of the phenomenon. As a consequence, the methodology has been elaborated in three steps, which accompanied the entire research process: Literature analysis, interviews and recommendations. In fact data has systematically been completed by interviews with officials, experts, and migrants themselves or their associations, depending on the gaps
VIII in literature and statistics. Collaboration of the researchers with the respective IOM country missions has facilitated this process. For each of the countries, the interviews form the added value of the reports. Hitherto undocumented aspects of migration phenomena in the accession countries become perceivable for the first time, and besides, analysed in a systematic manner. The research is made pertinent by analysis weighing the information against credibility and by the elaboration of conclusions to each chapter of the research. Recommendations to different stakeholders are formulated at the end of the text for optimal usability. Through its form and result, the project “Sharing Experience: Migration Trends in Selected Applicant Countries and Lessons Learned from the ‘New Countries of Immigration‘ in the EU and Austria” hopes to contribute to EU migration research and policy at the time of the expansion in May 2004 and beyond. The reader may expect comprehensive information on the situation of migrants both, in and out of the countries, and the countries’ migration management approaches, with the main purpose to illustrate the impact of migration trends on the local society and the social situation in the country. International Organization for Migration Vienna, Autumn 2003
Page 1 and 2: Migration Trends in Selected Applic
Page 3 and 4: This country report on Migration Tr
Page 5 and 6: IV factors is extremely high. The g
Page 7: VI foreigners has already reached 2
Page 11 and 12: 2 Contents: Preface . . . . . . . .
Page 13 and 14: 4 Executive Summary The report foll
Page 15 and 16: 6 greater attractiveness as a final
Page 17 and 18: 8 Measures undertaken by the Bulgar
Page 19 and 20: 10 1. Historical Overview - Migrati
Page 21 and 22: 12 a) The emigration of Bulgarian T
Page 23 and 24: 14 since the late 1950s their numbe
Page 25 and 26: 16 2. Overall migration scales in t
Page 27 and 28: 18 The NSI declares that its expert
Page 29 and 30: 20 World Bulgaria mentions also tha
Page 31 and 32: 22 2.1.2. Out- Mobility - direction
Page 33 and 34: 24 Data from IOM surveys on the pro
Page 35 and 36: 26 Although not representative for
Page 37 and 38: 28 who stated they would wait for a
Page 39 and 40: 30 Data from a survey done in May 2
Page 41 and 42: 32 granted by the Bureau of the UNH
Page 43 and 44: 34 There are a few Afghan immigrant
Page 45 and 46: 36 Afghanistan, Iraq, Armenia, Yugo
Page 47 and 48: 38 An identical percentage of labou
Page 49 and 50: 40 migration with around one-fifth
Page 51 and 52: 42 "Dutch" quarter in Ardino, where
Page 53 and 54: 44 irregular Bulgarian migrants in
Page 55 and 56: 46 In 1998-2002, the Danish Embassy
Page 57 and 58: 48 4. Impact of migration movements
Page 59 and 60:
50 because seasonal migrants from M
Page 61 and 62:
52 Another impact of the increased
Page 63 and 64:
54 show that we, the Bulgarians, ar
Page 65 and 66:
56 hurt by racist remarks of doctor
Page 67 and 68:
58 5. Migration policy, legislation
Page 69 and 70:
60 Human Rights and Fundamental Fre
Page 71 and 72:
62 • The statute also reflects th
Page 73 and 74:
64 - prohibition to enter the Repub
Page 75 and 76:
66 EU member-state and a third coun
Page 77 and 78:
68 implementing the government’s
Page 79 and 80:
70 - The foreign national has speci
Page 81 and 82:
72 - The applicant has submitted do
Page 83 and 84:
74 At the same time, attempts are m
Page 85 and 86:
76 6. Integration policies and prac
Page 87 and 88:
78 6.2. Integration of immigrants a
Page 89 and 90:
80 families, but here they are not
Page 91 and 92:
82 agencies, newspaper articles and
Page 93 and 94:
84 (Weltanschauung) that leads to t
Page 95 and 96:
86 Bibliography Agency for Socioeco
Page 97 and 98:
88 Appendix 1 Tables Table A1. LEVE
Page 99 and 100:
90 Appendix 2 Map
Page 102 and 103:
Appendix 4 Graphs Graph 1: Number o
Page 104 and 105:
Graph 6: Applicants for refugee sta
Page 106:
Sharing Experience… Accession to
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