Tidal Current Energy

Biomass
Table 9.2. Total energy consumption, total biomass energy consumption and biomass energy
consumption by biomass resource in EJ�a �1 for the 11 highest energy-consuming countries.
Table 9.3. Total energy generation, total biomass-based electricity generation and biomass-based
electricity generation by biomass resource in TW�h�a �1 for the 11 highest energy-consuming countries.
Total Total
biomass
Renewable
MSW
Industrial
wastes
Primary biomass
solids
USA 4003.5 68.81 15.65 6.55 41.62 4.98
China 1239.3 1.96 – – 1.96 –
Russia 845.3 2.08 – 2.05 0.03 –
Japan 1081.9 16.52 5.21 – 11.31 –
India 527.3 – – – – –
Germany 567.1 10.12 3.69 3.95 0.80 1.68
France 535.8 3.29 2.00 – 0.95 0.35
Canada 605.1 7.38 – – 7.38 –
UK 372.2 4.36 0.70 – 0.70 2.56
South Korea 292.4 0.40 0.36 – – –
Brazil 332.3 8.52 – – 8.52 –
(Source: Ref. [3])
Total Total
biomass
Renewable
MSW
Industrial
wastes
Primary biomass
solids
157
Biogas Liquid
biomass
USA 99.85 3.37 0.31 0.17 2.62 0.14 0.14
China 47.25 9.24 – – 9.19 0.05 –
Russia 26.18 0.33 – 0.11 0.22 – –
Japan 22.78 0.24 0.04 – 0.20 – –
India 20.84 8.60 – – 8.60 – –
Germany 14.74 0.37 0.08 0.05 0.21 0.02 0.01
France 11.16 0.50 0.08 – 0.40 0.01 0.01
Canada 10.90 0.49 – – 0.49 – –
UK 10.10 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 –
South Korea 8.41 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.01 –
Brazil 7.80 1.86 – – 1.55 – 0.32
(Source: Ref. [3])
Biogas
municipal solid waste (MSW) is domestic waste including hospital waste that is
directly converted to heat or power. Industrial waste consists of solid and liquid
by-products such as tires that are not solid biomass or animal products. Primary
biomass solids include any plant matter used directly as fuel or converted
into other forms before combustion, and also include wood and residues from
wood and crops used for energy production. Biogas is the gas product resulting
from the anaerobic digestion of biomass and solid waste that is combusted to
produce heat or power. Liquid biomass includes products such as ethanol [3].
As can be seen, the reported use of bioenergy varies significantly, which is largely
dependent on the waste management approaches adopted in each country,
as well as the need for alternative energy production.