Tidal Current Energy

The Alberta Oil Sands: Reserves and Supply Outlook
Figure 4.7 . Existing and proposed major crude oil pipelines (Plate 7).
( Source : EUB, ST98-2007 [1] )
Ontario, the US Midwest or Petroleum Administration Defense District (PADD)
2, the northern Rocky Mountain region (PADD 4), and Washington state.
According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) statistics, as of
1 January 2007, PADD 2 has an operating refinery capacity of 3582 Mbpd; the
operating capacity of refineries in the PADD 4 is 598 Mbpd.
In March 2006, Enbridge announced that the first western Canadian crude oil
was delivered through its Spearhead pipeline to Cushing, Oklahoma. The oil being
delivered to Cushing travels 2520 km through the Enbridge mainline system from
Edmonton, Alberta to Chicago, Illinois, before entering Spearhead pipeline for the
final 1050 km to Cushing. Spearhead traditionally operated in the opposite direction
from Cushing to Chicago. Spearhead pipeline has a capacity of 125 Mbpd,
equivalent to roughly 10% of Alberta’s bitumen production in 2006. Shipments
on the Spearhead pipeline have increased steadily, with nominations exceeding
capacity in some instances. Enbridge is currently soliciting interest in the potential
to expand the Spearhead pipeline by 65 Mbpd. If shipper interest greatly exceeds
the expansion capacity, Enbridge will evaluate a further expansion.
Alternative markets for Alberta bitumen and SCO will primarily come from
areas where refineries are searching for new feedstock as their traditional
69