Particle Physics Booklet - Particle Data Group - Lawrence Berkeley ...

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Ì�×Ø× Ó� �ÓÒ×�ÖÚ�Ø�ÓÒ Ä�Û× �� TESTS OF CONSERVATION LAWS Updated May 2010 by L. Wolfenstein (Carnegie-Mellon University), T.G. Trippe (LBNL), and C.-J. Lin (LBNL). In keeping with the current interest in tests of conservation laws, we collect together a Table of experimental limits on all weak and electromagnetic decays, mass differences, and moments, and on a few reactions, whose observation would violate conservation laws. The Table is given only in the full Review of Particle Physics, notin the Particle Physics Booklet. For the benefit of Booklet readers, we include the best limits from the Table in the following text. Limits in this text are for CL=90% unless otherwise specified. The Table is in two parts: “Discrete Space-Time Symmetries,” i.e., C, P , T , CP, and CPT; and “Number Conservation Laws,” i.e., lepton, baryon, hadronic flavor, and charge conservation. The references for these data can be found in the the Particle Listings in the Review. A discussion of these tests follows. CPT INVARIANCE General principles of relativistic field theory require invariance under the combined transformation CPT. The simplest tests of CPT invariance are the equality of the masses and lifetimes of a particle and its antiparticle. The best test comes from the limit on the mass difference between K0 and K 0 . Any such difference contributes to the CP-violating parameter ɛ. Assuming CPT invariance, φɛ, the phase of ɛ should be very close to 44◦ . (See the review “CP Violation in KL decay” in this edition.) In contrast, if the entire source of CP violation in K0 decays were a K0 − K 0 mass difference, φɛ would be 44◦ +90◦ . Assuming that there is no other source of CPT violation than this mass difference, it is possible to deduce that[1] m K 0 − m K 0 ≈ 2(m K 0 L − mK0 ) |η| ( S 2 3 φ+− + 1 3 φ00 − φSW) , sin φSW where φSW = (43.51 ± 0.05) ◦ , the superweak angle. Using our best values of the CP-violation parameters, we get |(m 0 − K mK0)/mK0|≤0.8 × 10−18 at CL=90%. Limits can also be placed on specific CPT-violating decay amplitudes. Given the small value of (1 −|η00/η+−|), the value of φ00 − φ+− provides a measure of CPT violation in K0 L → 2π decay. Results from CERN [1] and Fermilab [2] indicate no CPT-violating effect.
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2 PARTICLE PHYSICS BOOKLET TABLE OF
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4 1. Physical constants Table 1.1.
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6 2. Astrophysical constants 2. AST
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Page 172 and 173: 170 9. Quantum chromodynamics The c
Page 174 and 175: 172 10. Electroweak model and const
Page 184 and 185: 182 11. The CKM quark-mixing matrix
Page 190 and 191: 188 12. CP violation in meson decay
Page 196 and 197: 194 13. Neutrino mixing (L(¯νj) =
Page 198 and 199: 196 13. Neutrino mixing between the
Page 200 and 201: 198 13. Neutrino mixing Figure 13.1
Page 202 and 203: 200 14. Quark model 14. QUARK MODEL
Page 204 and 205: 202 14. Quark model This difference
Page 206 and 207: 204 16. Structure functions 16.1.1.
Page 208 and 209: 206 16. Structure functions with i
Page 210 and 211: 208 19. Big-Bang cosmology 19. BIG-
Page 212 and 213: 210 19. Big-Bang cosmology where th
Page 214 and 215: 212 19. Big-Bang cosmology These me
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214 21. The Cosmological Parameters
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216 21. The Cosmological Parameters
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218 22. Dark matter 22. DARK MATTER
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220 22. Dark matter 22.2. Experimen
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222 23. Cosmic microwave background
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224 24. Cosmic rays 24. COSMIC RAYS
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226 26. High-energy collider parame
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228 26. High-energy collider parame
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230 27. Passage of particles throug
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244 28. Detectors at accelerators 2
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246 28. Detectors at accelerators 2
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248 28. Detectors at accelerators W
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250 28. Detectors at accelerators m
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252 28. Detectors at accelerators =
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254 28. Detectors at accelerators I
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256 29. Detectors for non-accelerat
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264 30. Radioactivity and radiation
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266 31. Commonly used radioactive s
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268 32. Probability � ∞ � ∞
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270 32. Probability For n Gaussian
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272 33. Statistics is an unbiased e
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274 33. Statistics 33.2. Statistica
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276 33. Statistics p-value for test
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278 33. Statistics measurement. In
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280 33. Statistics if x lies betwee
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282 33. Statistics θ i ^ θ i σi
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284 33. Statistics is based on the
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286 36. Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
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288 40. Kinematics The state normal
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290 40. Kinematics 40.4.3.1. Dalitz
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292 40. Kinematics u =(p1− p4) 2
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294 40. Kinematics 40.5.3.1. Resona
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296 41. Cross-section formulae for
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302 6. Atomic and nuclear propertie
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304 NOTES
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306 NOTES
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2011 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W
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