AREA A/B ENGINEERING REPORT - Waste Management

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Geosyntec Consultants generated, the concentration of degradable leachate organics will continue to decline or remain steady. This attenuating condition is also conducive to the continued immobilization of heavy metals and other persistent constituents that may be present. 5 1.4.4 Physical and Biogenic Settlement Settlement of a MSW landfill results from the complex interaction of many processes, including mechanical settlement due to self-weight, superimposed loads (i.e., additional waste layers and cover soil), physiochemical changes such as corrosion and oxidation, and biochemical decomposition under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The rate of settlement is important in determining the nature and timing for beneficial end uses of the landfill property. Several factors affect waste settlement processes, 6 including: • Method and rate of waste placement; • Landfill thickness, method and rate of compaction, and waste density; • Waste composition and organics content; and • Temperature, moisture availability, and other operational factors. Waste settlement behavior in many ways is similar to that of other highly organic materials such as peat, and is generally considered to occur in three stages: • Immediate settlement is due to the application of a superimposed load, under which voids and particles in the waste are compacted, and is often considerable. Landfill operators take advantage of immediate settlement to maximize use of landfill airspace by compacting waste at the working face. • Thereafter, primary settlement is principally due to dissipation of pore water and gas present in waste voids at placement. It has been estimated that primary settlement is usually completed within 30 days and accounts for up to 10 percent of total settlement. • Finally, although both inorganic and organic wastes settle due to decomposition (inorganic waste decomposes through corrosion, oxidation, or other means), secondary settlement of MSW under landfill conditions occurs primarily due to biodegradation of the organic components of MSW. Depending on the thickness of the waste mass, mechanical settlement may occur concurrently with processes that cause secondary settlement. Secondary settlement may result in a reduction of up to 25 percent of the total original landfill thickness. The most significant control on long-term settlement is the availability of moisture within the waste mass (which effectively controls the rate of biodegradation). 5 This phenomenon is well reviewed and elaborated on in some detail in EREF (2006). See also Appendix A. 6 Waste settlement in landfills is discussed in numerous seminal studies, including Sowers (1973), Wardwell & Nelson (1981), Edil, et al. (1990), Gordon, et al. (1986), Morris & Woods (1990), Watts & Charles (1990 and 1999), Wall & Zeiss (1995), Park & Lee (1997 and 2002), and Leonard, et al. (2000). MD10186.doc 25 29 March 2009
2. REGULATORY OVERSIGHT OF MANAGED SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS Geosyntec Consultants Permits are required to construct, operate, and close a MSW landfill. The permitting process requires ongoing regulatory compliance to protect human health and the environment through all stages of landfill development, operation, and post closure: Permitting: Detailed Site Characterization and Landfill Design Compliance with Regulatory Standards End Use Considerations & Planning Public Comment Regulatory Approval Construction: Construct to Designed Specifications Independent Third Party QA/QC and Certification Landfill Gas and Liquid Management Systems Operation: Compliance with Permit Requirements Fill/Cover Sequencing Waste Treatment/Compaction Performance and Compliance Monitoring Closure: Compliance with Permit Requirements Certification Post-Closure Care: Performance and Compliance Monitoring Financial Assurance Site Security Enacted in 1976, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) put an end to the historical patchwork of highly variable and insufficient state regulation of waste management. Under the statutory mandate of the RCRA chapter devoted to municipal solid waste (MSW), Subtitle D of RCRA (codified at 40 CFR Part 258), USEPA created a national baseline for MSW facility siting, design, operation, monitoring and closure. These federal baseline standards, implemented by the states, were expanded dramatically with regulations published in 1991, which established rigorous mandates for waste acceptance, facility assessment, liner design, groundwater monitoring and corrective action in the event of a potential release from the landfill unit, site closure, and post-closure care (PCC). MD10186.doc 26 29 March 2009
Page 1 and 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT THE MAN
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Geosyntec Consult
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Geosy
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Geosy
Page 9 and 10: DEFINITIONS AND LIST OF ACRONYMS AC
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Geosyntec Consult
Page 13 and 14: Geosyntec Consultants time, the lan
Page 15 and 16: Long-Term Liner System Performance
Page 17 and 18: Geosyntec Consultants generation is
Page 19 and 20: Geosyntec Consultants cover systems
Page 21 and 22: Beyond Waste Containment - Landfill
Page 23 and 24: Geosyntec Consultants • Section 3
Page 25 and 26: Geosyntec Consultants Required by r
Page 27 and 28: • Landfill gas system monitoring
Page 29 and 30: Geosyntec Consultants An extensive
Page 31: 1.4.2 Permanent Storage of Biogenic
Page 35 and 36: 2.2.1 Siting Considerations Geosynt
Page 37 and 38: Geosyntec Consultants The LCRS is i
Page 39 and 40: • Control moisture and percolatio
Page 41 and 42: 3. DESIGN COMPONENT SYSTEMS OF A MA
Page 43 and 44: Prescriptive Final Cover System 1.
Page 45 and 46: 3.2.2 Key Environmentally Protectiv
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Page 49 and 50: Geosyntec Consultants • Leachate
Page 51 and 52: Geosyntec Consultants secondary, an
Page 53 and 54: Geosyntec Consultants along with re
Page 55 and 56: Geosyntec Consultants cover surface
Page 57 and 58: 3.5 Gas Management System Geosyntec
Page 59 and 60: Geosyntec Consultants • Passive c
Page 61 and 62: Geosyntec Consultants out certain p
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Page 65 and 66: 4. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF A M
Page 67 and 68: Geosyntec Consultants permit condit
Page 69 and 70: Geosyntec Consultants • Standard
Page 71 and 72: Geosyntec Consultants Design of the
Page 73 and 74: Geosyntec Consultants waste constit
Page 75 and 76: 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AT MANA
Page 77 and 78: Geosyntec Consultants safeguards fo
Page 79 and 80: Geosyntec Consultants LFG migration
Page 81 and 82: Geosyntec Consultants Other example
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Geosyntec Consultants operation is
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Geosyntec Consultants landfill syst
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Geosyntec Consultants behind the li
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Table 6-0: Summary of Section 6 Tab
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Containment Attribute Siting and De
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Waste Treatment Attribute Siting an
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Environmental and Performance Monit
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they help reduce the dependency on
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Geosyntec Consultants that landfill
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7.4 Increased Beneficial End Use Op
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8. REFERENCES Geosyntec Consultants
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Geosyntec Consultants Eid H.T., Sta
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Geosyntec Consultants Koerner R.M.,
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Geosyntec Consultants Sangam H.P.,
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Geosyntec Consultants Wardwell R.E.
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I II III IV V VI VII VIII Figure A-
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• Long-terms trends in MSW leacha
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Geosyntec Consultants sites of diff
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A2.1.5 Development of a “Biofilte
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Geosyntec Consultants impact health
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Geosyntec Consultants updated despi
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Geosyntec Consultants Gibbons R.D.,
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Geosyntec Consultants Pivato A., Mo
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Geosyntec Consultants Youcai Z., Hu
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• Long-term performance of leacha
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AVERAGE LCRS FLOW RATE (lphd) 100,0
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B3. LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF LEACHA
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B4. FINAL COVER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
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Geosyntec Consultants compacted but
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Geosyntec Consultants various pract
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Geosyntec Consultants In summary, a
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REFERENCES Geosyntec Consultants Ab
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Geosyntec Consultants Humer M., Lec
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Geosyntec Consultants United States
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Geosyntec Consultants These three s
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Geosyntec Consultants discontinue o
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C4. LONG-TERM INTEGRITY OF LANDFILL
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Geosyntec Consultants well known, t
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Geosyntec Consultants Zekkos D., Br
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