AREA A/B ENGINEERING REPORT - Waste Management

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Geosyntec Consultants installed (generally in parallel with the flare station, so that the flare can be used to maintain LFG control in the event that other facilities are temporarily shut down). 3.5.2 Passive Landfill Gas <strong>Management</strong> Typical components of an active GMS, including (clockwise from top left): newly installed gas well, blower system, small flare station, gas-to-energy engine. The term passive LFG management covers a very wide range of operations and mechanisms aimed at protecting human health and the environment by controlling atmospheric emissions and/or subsurface migration of LFG with minimal energy consumption or maintenance. At some landfills, passive LFG management is the most protective method and can be defined as allowing the LFG to move without mechanical assistance (i.e., primarily by the pressure developed within the landfill) to a passive control system. Examples of passive control systems include: • Passive flaring: This control system involves routing one or more small gas wells to passive flares with a solar sparking ignition system (pictured). MD10186.doc 51 29 March 2009
Geosyntec Consultants • Passive control with physical treatment: Alternatively, LFG may be passively captured beneath the cover and treated by routing it through granular activated carbon to physically bind and remove chemical compounds from the exit gas. • Passive control with biological treatment: Examples include biowindows, biovents, permeable reactive walls, and biocovers (see further discussion below), all of which are engineered biologically active gas treatment systems through which LFG is routed and within which the methane and noxious compounds in LFG are aerobically oxidized or treated before the exit gas is safely emitted to the atmosphere. • Passive control (no treatment): In many cases, LFG is of such limited volume, sufficient control can be limited to installing a cutoff trench at the toe of the landfill to intercept lateral subsurface migration. Passive LFG management is generally used at older landfills where LFG emissions are limited, or at landfills that are too small to support installation of an active GMS. Passive LFG controls can function as a transitional management strategy before discontinuing LFG management during post-closure. Elements common to all passive LFG management strategies are that they utilize natural processes and ultimately rely on the cover system as the primary means of LFG control. Indeed, where LFG generation rates are low, whole-site oxidation of methane in LFG can be achieved using an all-soil cover or gas management (or Passive flare with solar powered self-ignition system. (Photo courtesy of DSWA) bioactive) cover in which a layer of highly-organic aerated soil or compost is included in the uppermost layer of a composite, all-soil cover system. Microbial oxidation (i.e. consumption of methane by bacteria in the presence of oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water) in biocovers represents an important natural control on methane emissions in aerated landfill cover soils. As will be described in Section 3.6.2, it has been observed that it is possible for cover soil microbes to oxidize residual methane such that surface emissions are negligible. Manipulation of landfill cover soils to maximize their oxidation potential thus comprises a large component of passive GMS design. 17 Design of biocovers is thus best included as part of the overall design of an alternative all-soil cover system. 17 A state of the art review of methane oxidation in landfill biocovers, and the design and performance of biocovers and other biologically active gas treatment systems, is provided in Scheutz, et al (2009). Other key references include Boeckx, et al (1996), Humer & Lechner (1999), Scheutz, et al (2003), Barlaz, et al (2004b), Gebert & Gröngröft (2005), Abichou, et al (2006a and 2006b), Dever, et al (2007), Gebert, et al (2007), Kjeldsen, et al (2008), Rachor, et al (2008), and Gamperling, et al (2008). MD10186.doc 52 29 March 2009
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT THE MAN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Geosyntec Consult
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Geosy
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Geosy
Page 9 and 10: DEFINITIONS AND LIST OF ACRONYMS AC
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Geosyntec Consult
Page 13 and 14: Geosyntec Consultants time, the lan
Page 15 and 16: Long-Term Liner System Performance
Page 17 and 18: Geosyntec Consultants generation is
Page 19 and 20: Geosyntec Consultants cover systems
Page 21 and 22: Beyond Waste Containment - Landfill
Page 23 and 24: Geosyntec Consultants • Section 3
Page 25 and 26: Geosyntec Consultants Required by r
Page 27 and 28: • Landfill gas system monitoring
Page 29 and 30: Geosyntec Consultants An extensive
Page 31 and 32: 1.4.2 Permanent Storage of Biogenic
Page 33 and 34: 2. REGULATORY OVERSIGHT OF MANAGED
Page 35 and 36: 2.2.1 Siting Considerations Geosynt
Page 37 and 38: Geosyntec Consultants The LCRS is i
Page 39 and 40: • Control moisture and percolatio
Page 41 and 42: 3. DESIGN COMPONENT SYSTEMS OF A MA
Page 43 and 44: Prescriptive Final Cover System 1.
Page 45 and 46: 3.2.2 Key Environmentally Protectiv
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Page 49 and 50: Geosyntec Consultants • Leachate
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Page 71 and 72: Geosyntec Consultants Design of the
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Page 89 and 90: Table 6-0: Summary of Section 6 Tab
Page 91 and 92: Containment Attribute Siting and De
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Geosyntec Consultants Sangam H.P.,
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Geosyntec Consultants Wardwell R.E.
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I II III IV V VI VII VIII Figure A-
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• Long-terms trends in MSW leacha
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Geosyntec Consultants sites of diff
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A2.1.5 Development of a “Biofilte
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Geosyntec Consultants impact health
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Geosyntec Consultants updated despi
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Geosyntec Consultants Gibbons R.D.,
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Geosyntec Consultants Pivato A., Mo
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Geosyntec Consultants Youcai Z., Hu
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• Long-term performance of leacha
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AVERAGE LCRS FLOW RATE (lphd) 100,0
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B3. LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF LEACHA
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B4. FINAL COVER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
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Geosyntec Consultants compacted but
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Geosyntec Consultants various pract
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Geosyntec Consultants In summary, a
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REFERENCES Geosyntec Consultants Ab
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Geosyntec Consultants Humer M., Lec
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Geosyntec Consultants United States
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Geosyntec Consultants These three s
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Geosyntec Consultants discontinue o
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C4. LONG-TERM INTEGRITY OF LANDFILL
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Geosyntec Consultants well known, t
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Geosyntec Consultants Zekkos D., Br
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