ATYs306Q6fE

73
508. Siegal DM, Curnutte JT, Connolly SJ, Lu G, Conley PB, Wiens BL, Mathur VS,
Castillo J, Bronson MD, Leeds JM, Mar FA, Gold A, Crowther MA. Andexanet
Alfa for the Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitor Activity. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:
2413–24.
509. Crowther M, Crowther MA. Antidotes for novel oral anticoagulants: current
status and future potential. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015;35:1736–45.
510. Staerk L, Lip GY, Olesen JB, Fosbol EL, Pallisgaard JL, Bonde AN, Gundlund A,
Lindhardt TB, Hansen ML, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH. Stroke and recurrent
haemorrhage associated with antithrombotic treatment after gastrointestinal
bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ.
2015;351:h5876.
511. Felmeden DC, Lip GY. Antithrombotic therapy in hypertension: a Cochrane
Systematic review. J Hum Hypertens. 2005;19:185–96.
512. Sharma M, Cornelius VR, Patel JP, Davies JG, Molokhia M. Efficacy and Harms of
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Elderly for Stroke Prevention in Atrial
Fibrillation and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis. Circulation. 2015;132:194–204.
513. Ruiz-Nodar JM, Marin F, Hurtado JA, Valencia J, Pinar E, Pineda J, Gimeno JR,
Sogorb F, Valdes M, Lip GYH. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy use in 426
patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
and stent implantation implications for bleeding risk and prognosis. J Am Coll
Cardiol. 2008;51:818–25.
514. Hansen ML, Sorensen R, Clausen MT, Fog-Petersen ML, Raunso J, Gadsboll N,
Gislason GH, Folke F, Andersen SS, Schramm TK, Abildstrom SZ, Poulsen HE,
Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C. Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy
with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch
Intern Med. 2010;170:1433–41.
515. Lamberts M, Olesen JB, Ruwald MH, Hansen CM, Karasoy D, Kristensen SL, Kober
L, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH, Hansen ML. Bleeding after initiation of multiple
antithrombotic drugs, including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients
following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort
study. Circulation. 2012;126:1185–93.
516. Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V, Filippatos G, Hamm C,
Head SJ, Juni P, Kappetein AP, Kastrati A, Knuuti J, Landmesser U, Laufer G,
Neumann FJ, Richter DJ, Schauerte P, Sousa Uva M, Stefanini GG, Taggart DP,
Torracca L, Valgimigli M, Wijns W, Witkowski A. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on
myocardial revascularization: The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of
the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for
Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the
European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur
Heart J. 2014;35:2541–619.
517. Vandvik PO, Lincoff AM, Gore JM, Gutterman DD, Sonnenberg FA, Alonso-Coello
P, Akl EA, Lansberg MG, Guyatt GH, Spencer FA, American College of Chest
Physicians. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease:
Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College
of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest.
2012;141:e637S–68S.
518. Rubboli A, Faxon DP, Juhani Airaksinen KE, Schlitt A, Marin F, Bhatt DL, Lip GYH.
The optimal management of patients on oral anticoagulation undergoing
coronary artery stenting. The 10th Anniversary Overview. Thromb Haemost.
2014;112:1080–7.
519. Oldgren J,Wallentin L, Alexander JH, James S, Jonelid B, Steg G, Sundstrom J. New
oral anticoagulants in addition to single or dual antiplatelet therapy after an
acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J.
2013;34:1670–80.
520. Lip GY, Windecker S, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Marin F, Ten Berg JM, Haeusler KG,
Boriani G, Capodanno D, Gilard M, Zeymer U, Lane D, Storey RF, Bueno H, Collet
JP, Fauchier L, Halvorsen S, Lettino M, Morais J, Mueller C, Potpara TS, Rasmussen
LH, Rubboli A, Tamargo J, Valgimigli M, Zamorano JL. Management of
antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute
coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve
interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology
Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA),
European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)
and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart
Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS).
Eur Heart J. 2014;35:3155–79.
521. Mega JL, Braunwald E, Mohanavelu S, Burton P, Poulter R, Misselwitz F, Hricak V,
Barnathan ES, Bordes P, Witkowski A, Markov V, Oppenheimer L, Gibson CM,
ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46 study group. Rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with
acute coronary syndromes (ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46): a randomised, double-blind,
phase II trial. Lancet. 2009;374:29–38.
522. Sarafoff N, Martischnig A,Wealer J, Mayer K, Mehilli J, Sibbing D, Kastrati A. Triple
therapy with aspirin, prasugrel, and vitamin K antagonists in patients with drugeluting
stent implantation and an indication for oral anticoagulation. J Am Coll
Cardiol. 2013;61:2060–6.
523. Jackson LR II, Ju C, Zettler M, Messenger JC, Cohen DJ, Stone GW, Baker BA, Effron
M, Peterson ED, Wang TY. Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving an Oral Anticoagulant
and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Comparison of Clopidogrel Versus Prasugrel
From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:1880–9.
524. Dewilde WJM, Oirbans T, Verheugt FWA, Kelder JC, De Smet BJGL, Herrman J-P,
Adriaenssens T, Vrolix M, Heestermans AACM, Vis MM, Tijsen JGP, van ’t Hof AW,
ten Berg JM. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral
anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an
open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;381:1107–15.
525. Braun OÖ , Bico B, Chaudhry U, Wagner H, Koul S, Tyden P, Schersten F, Jovinge S,
Svensson PJ, Gustav Smith J, van der Pals J. Concomitant use of warfarin and
ticagrelor as an alternative to triple antithrombotic therapy after an acute
coronary syndrome. Thromb Res. 2015;135:26–30.
526. Nikolaidou T, Channer KS. Chronic atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of
medical heart rate control management. Postgrad Med J. 2009;85:303–12.
527. Tamariz LJ, Bass EB. Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol
Clin. 2004;22:35–45.
528. Segal JB, McNamara RL, Miller MR, Kim N, Goodman SN, Powe NR, Robinson K, Yu
D, Bass EB. The evidence regarding the drugs used for ventricular rate control. In.
J Fam Practice. 2000;49:47–59.
529. Schreck DM, Rivera AR, Tricarico VJ. Emergency management of atrial fibrillation
and flutter: intravenous diltiazem versus intravenous digoxin. Ann Emerg Med.
1997;29:135–40.
530. Siu CW, Lau CP, Lee WL, Lam KF, Tse HF. Intravenous diltiazem is superior to
intravenous amiodarone or digoxin for achieving ventricular rate control in
patients with acute uncomplicated atrial fibrillation. Crit Care Med.
2009;37:2174–9; quiz 2180.
531. Tisdale JE, Padhi ID, Goldberg AD, Silverman NA,Webb CR, Higgins RS, Paone G,
Frank DM, Borzak S. A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous
diltiazem and digoxin for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Am Heart J. 1998;135:739–47.
532. Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, Christenson J, Heslop C, Heilbron B,
McGrath L, Innes G. Safety and efficiency of calcium channel blockers versus
betablockers for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and no acute
underlying medical illness. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20:222–30.
533. Darby AE, Dimarco JP. Management of atrial fibrillation in patients with structural
heart disease. Circulation. 2012;125:945–57.
534. Elkayam U. Calcium channel blockers in heart failure. Cardiology. 1998;89:38–46.
535. Goldstein RE, Boccuzzi SJ, Cruess D, Nattel S. Diltiazem increases late-onset
congestive heart failure in postinfarction patients with early reduction in ejection
fraction. The Adverse Experience Committee; and the Multicenter Diltiazem
Postinfarction Research Group. Circulation. 1991;83:52–60.
536. Clemo HF,Wood MA, Gilligan DM, Ellenbogen KA. Intravenous amiodarone for
acute heart rate control in the critically ill patient with atrial tachyarrhythmias.
Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:594–8.
537. Delle Karth G, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, Priglinger U, Haumer M, Gschwandtner M,
Siostrzonek P, Heinz G. Amiodarone versus diltiazem for rate control in critically
ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:1149–53.
538. Hou ZY, Chang MS, Chen CY, Tu MS, Lin SL, Chiang HT, Woosley RL. Acute
treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter with a tailored dosing
regimen of intravenous amiodarone. A randomized, digoxin-controlled study.
Eur Heart J. 1995;16:521–8.
539. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Atrial
fibrillation: management. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg180/ (5 May 2016).
540. Kotecha D, Manzano L, Krum H, Rosano G, Holmes J, Altman DG, Collins P,
Packer M, Wikstrand J, Coats AJS, Cleland JGF, Kirchhof P, von Lueder TG, Rigby
A, Andersson B, Lip GYH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Shibata MC, Wedel H, Böhm M,
Flather MD, Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group. Effect of age
and sex on efficacy and tolerability of b blockers in patients with heart failure
with reduced ejection fraction: individual patient data meta-analysis. BMJ.
2016;353:i1855.
541. Ulimoen SR, Enger S, Carlson J, Platonov PG, Pripp AH, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H,
Gjesdal K, Tveit A. Comparison of four single-drug regimens on ventricular rate
and arrhythmia-related symptoms in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol. 2013;111:225–30.
542. Ulimoen SR, Enger S, Pripp AH, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H, Gjesdal K, Tveit A.
Calcium channel blockers improve exercise capacity and reduce N-terminal Pro-
B-type natriuretic peptide levels compared with beta-blockers in patients with
permanent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:517–24.
543. Goldberger ZD, Alexander GC. Digitalis use in contemporary clinical practice:
refitting the foxglove. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:151–4.
544. The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and
morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:525–33.
545. Ahmed A, Rich MW, Fleg JL, Zile MR, Young JB, Kitzman DW, Love TE, Aronow WS,
Adams KF Jr, Gheorghiade M. Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in
diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial. Circulation.
2006;114:397–403.
546. Ziff OJ, Kotecha D. Digoxin: The good and the bad. Trends in Cardiovascular
Medicine; doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2016.03.011. Published online ahead of print 30
March 2016.
547. Turakhia MP, Santangeli P, Winkelmayer WC, Xu X, Ullal AJ, Than CT, Schmitt S,
Holmes TH, Frayne SM, Phibbs CS, Yang F, Hoang DD, Ho PM, Heidenreich PA.
Increased mortality associated with digoxin in contemporary patients with atrial
fibrillation: findings from the TREAT-AF study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:660–8.
548. Hallberg P, Lindback J, Lindahl B, Stenestrand U, Melhus H. Digoxin and mortality
in atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol.
2007;63:959–71.
549. Whitbeck MG, Charnigo RJ, Khairy P, Ziada K, Bailey AL, Zegarra MM, Shah J,
Morales G, Macaulay T, Sorrell VL, Campbell CL, Gurley J, Anaya P, Nasr H, Bai R,
Di Biase L, Booth DC, Jondeau G, Natale A, Roy D, Smyth S, Moliterno DJ, Elayi CS.
Increased mortality among patients taking digoxin—analysis from the AFFIRM
study. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1481–8.
550. Gheorghiade M, Fonarow GC, van Veldhuisen DJ, Cleland JG, Butler J, Epstein AE,
Patel K, Aban IB, Aronow WS, Anker SD, Ahmed A. Lack of evidence of increased
mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation taking digoxin: findings from