saqarTvelosa da msoflios geografia 8 - Ganatleba

CrdiloeT evropis qveynebia: norvegia, islandia, SvedeTi, dania, fineTi.
dasavleT evropis qveynebia: didi britaneTi, irlandia, safrangeTi, belgia, niderlandi,
germania.
centraluri evropis qveynebia: Sveicaria, avstria, luqsemburgi.
samxreT evropis qveynebia: espaneTi, portugalia, italia, saberZneTi, malta, monako.
samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis qveynebia: saqarTvelo, somxeTi, azerbaijani.
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebia: ukraina, ruseTi, belarusi, litva, latvia, estoneTi, moldova,
rumineTi, poloneTi, CexeTi, slovakeTi, bulgareTi, ungreTi.
15. samxreT–aRmosavleTs.
§ 1. 4.
gv. 25
1. a) ekvatori;
b) Celuskinis – C. g. 77 0 43’
piais – s. g. 1 0 16’
deJnevis – d. g. 169 0 40’
g) azias ekvris CrdiloeT yinulovani, wynari da indoeTis okeaneebi. karis, laptevebis, aRmosavleT
cimbiris, Cukotkis, beringis, oxotis, iaponiis, aRmosavleT CineTis, yviTeli, samxreT
CineTis, andamanis, arabeTis, wiTeli, xmelTaSua zRvebi.
d) aziis kontinents ekuTvnis Cukotkis, kamCatkis, koreis, malaiziis, indoCineTis, indostanis
da arabeTis naxevarkunZulebi.
kunZulebi: CrdiloeTis miwas, axalcimbiris, vrangelis, saxalini, iaponiis (hokaido, honsiu,
kiusiu, sikoku), filipinebis (lusoni, mindanao), taivanis, xainani, Sri-lanka, kalimantani, sumatra,
sulavesi, iava.
gv. 26
2. dasavleT cimbiris dablobi, Sua cimbiris zegani, Turanis dablobi, mesopotamiis dablobi,
ind-gangis dablobi, didi CineTis dablobi, tibetis zegani. altai, himalaebi, pamiri, tian-Sani.
3. a) CineTi, monRoleTi, nepali, tajikeTi, yirgizeTi, avRaneTi, irani.
b) tailandi, uzbekeTi, pakistani, bangladeSi.
g) laosi, vietnami, indonezia, filipinebi, CineTi, malaizia,
gv. 27
4. a) irani, avRaneTi, CineTi, nepali, mnoma, laosi, vietnami.
b) Cukotkis, kamCatkis, koreis da indoCineTis naxevarkunZulebze; kuriliis, iaponiis (hokaido,
honsiu, kiusiu, sikoku), zondis (kalimantani, sulavesi, sumatra, iava) kunZulebze.
g) kluCevskaia sopka, fuZiama, krakatau.
gv. 28
5. a) arqtikul, subarqtikul, zomier, subtropikul, tropikul, subekvatorul da ekvatorul
klimatur sartylebSi.
b) indostanis n/k – subekvatorul klimatur sartyelSi,
indoCineTis n/k – subekvatorul klimatur sartyelSi;
kamCatkis n/k – zomier klimatur sartyelSi;
koreis n/k – udidesi nawili zomier klimatur sartyelSi, naxevarkunZulis samxreTi nawili
subtropikul klimatur sartyelSi.
arabeTis n/k – tropikul klimatur sartyelSi.
g) kontinentze yvelaze did farTobze zomieri klimaturi sartyeli vrceldeba;
d) kontinentis ukiduresi CrdiloeTi nawili (CrdiloeT-yinulovani okeanispira), CrdiloTis
miwis, axali cimbiris da vrangelis kunZulebi moqceulia arqtikul klimatur sartyelSi;
kunZulebi sumatra, iava, kalimantani, sulavesi da filipinebis samxreTi kunZulebi moqceulia
ekvatorul klimatur sartyelSi.
6. kontinentis didma farTobma ganapiroba masze yvela klimaturi sartylis arseboba.
7. daba Cerapunja mdebareobs himalais samxreT mTiswineTSi. indoeTis okeanidan wamosuli
musonuri teniani haeris masebi ver laxaven himalais mTebis bariers, amitom xdeba maTi swrafi
gacieba da kondensireba. Semdeg ki atmosferuli naleqis saxiT (wvimis) modis himalais samxreT
mTiswineTSi. swored amitom es adgili erT-erTi yvelaze uxvnaleqiani adgilia dedamiwaze.
gv. 29
8. himalais mTebi mniSvnelovani klimaturi barieria, magram ar warmoadgens wyalgamyofs
aziaSi. zogierTi mdinare, romelic saTaves iRebs misi samxreTi mTiswineTidan mag., indi, gangi,
brahmaputra, iravadi – indoeTis okeanis auzs miekuTvneba. amitom igi ar aris wyalgamyofi qedi.
9. a. b.
mdinareebi auzi qveynebi
ianZi
enisei
lena
brahmaputra
irivadi
mekongi
obi
gangi
amuri
indi
xuanxe
amudaria
sirdaria
wynari okeanis
CrdiloeT yinulovani okeanis
CrdiloeT yinulovani okeanis
indoeTis okeanis
indoeTis okeanis
wynari okeanis
CrdiloeT yinulovani okeanis
indoeTis okeanis
wynari okeanis
indoeTis okeanis
wynari okeanis
aralis zRva (gaudinari)
aralis zRva (gaudinari)
66 67
CineTi
ruseTi
ruseTi
CineTi, indoeTi, bangladeSi
mianma
CineTi, tailandi, laosi, kamboja
ruseTi
indoeTi, bangladeSi
ruseTi, CineTi
CineTi, indoeTi, pakistani
CineTi
yazaxeTi
uzbekeTi
10. aralis zRva-tbaSi ori mdinare sirdaria da amurdaria Caedineba. gasuli saukunis 60-70-ian
wlebSi, am mdinareebidan gayvanili iqna sarwyvi arxebi, ris gamoc mdinareTa bunebrivi Camonadeni
Semcirda, ramac aralis zRvis donis daweva gamoiwvia.
gv. 30
12. a) aziis kontinentze gavrcelebulia Semdegi bunebrivi zonebi: arqtikuli udabnoebi, tundra
da tyetundra, taiga (wiwvovani tyeebi), Sereuli da farTofoTlovani tyeebi, tyestepebi da
stepebi, udabnoebi da naxevarudabnoebi, savanebi da meCxeri tyeebi, maradmwvane xeSeSfoTliani
tyeebi da buCqnarebi, cvalebadteniani tyeebi, notio ekvatoruli tyeebi.
b) kontinentis udidesi nawili moqceulia wiwvovani tyeebis (taigis), tyestepebisa da stepebis
bunebriv zonebSi.
13. wiwvovani tyeebis (taiga) bunebrivi zonis farTobi aziaSi gacilebiT metia vidre evropaSi,
Sereuli da farTofoTlovani tyeebis bunebrivi zonis farTobi ki evropaSi.
tyestepebisa da stepebis bunebrivi zonis farTobi aziaSi gacilebiT metia, vidre evropaSi.
14. aziis kontinentze tyestepebi, stepebi, naxevarudabnoebi da udabnoebi centralur
raionebSi gvxvdeba, radganac es regionebi mcire naleqianobiT (mSrali klimatiT) gamoirCeva.
15. a) zomieri da subtropikuli.
gv. 32
16. a) centraluri aziis qveynebia: uzbekeTi (taSkenti), TurqmeneTi (aSxabadi), tajikeTi (du-
Sanbe), yirgizeTi (biSkeki), monRoleTi (ulan-batori), yazaxeTi (astana).
samxreT-dasavleT aziis qveynebia: siria (damasko), iordania (amani), israeli (ierusalimi),
libani (beiruTi), erayi (baRdadi), quveiTi (el-quveiTi), katari (doxa), bahreini (manama), saudis
arabeTi (el-riadi), iemeni (sana), omani (maskati), arabeTis gaerTianebuli saamiroebi (abu-dabi).
samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis qveynebia: mianma (iangoni), tailandi (bangkoki), kamboja (pnompeni),