saqarTvelosa da msoflios geografia 8 - Ganatleba
saqarTvelosa da msoflios geografia 8 - Ganatleba
saqarTvelosa da msoflios geografia 8 - Ganatleba
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7. maT dedmiwa brtyeli <strong>da</strong> diskosmagvari egonaT.<br />
8. a) evropa, azia <strong>da</strong> afrikis CrdiloeTi nawili; b) axali sivrcis aTvisebasTan erTad.<br />
9. marko polom imogzaura TurqeTis, iranis, indoeTis, CineTis, erayis <strong>da</strong> sxva qveynebis teritoriaze.<br />
11. ibn-batutam gaiara marko polos mier gavlili qveynebic, magram misi marSruti bevrad<br />
ufro bevri qveyanis teritorias moicav<strong>da</strong> (mag. afrikis teritorias).<br />
§ 4. 3.<br />
1. upirvelesi faqtori, romelmac aiZula evropelebi eZebnaT axali gza aRmosavleTisken iyo<br />
is, rom 1953 wels Turqebma <strong>da</strong>ikaves konstantinepoli, riTac <strong>da</strong>eca bizantia <strong>da</strong> aziisgan gamavali<br />
yvela strategiuli gza osmalTa xelSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />
2. portugalielebi erT-erTi pirveli zRvaosnebi iyvnen, maT izi<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>T zRvisga<strong>da</strong>Rma mogzaurobani,<br />
romelsac Semdgom axal-axali teritoriebis aRmoCena <strong>da</strong> iq arsebuli simdidris xelSi<br />
Cagdeba mohyvebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
3. martelusis rukaze ar aris <strong>da</strong>tanili antarqti<strong>da</strong>, avstralia, CrdiloeT <strong>da</strong> samxreT amerika.<br />
4. portugaliis gemebis saerTo gza gadio<strong>da</strong> atlantis okeaneSi, gars uvli<strong>da</strong> afrikis kontinents<br />
samxreTiT <strong>da</strong> gadio<strong>da</strong> mozambikis srutes indoeTis okeaneSi.<br />
5. a) vasko <strong>da</strong> gamam gars Semouara afrikis sanapiroebs, b) xels uwyob<strong>da</strong> kanaris dineba.<br />
§ 4. 4.<br />
1. ver gaiTvaliswina de<strong>da</strong>miwis sidide.<br />
2. kolumbma aRmoaCina mcire <strong>da</strong> didi antiliis kunZulebi centralur amerikaSi.<br />
3. actekebis imperiaSi Sedio<strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove meqsikis teritoria. inkebis imperiaSi Sedio<strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove<br />
ekvadoris, perus, boliviis <strong>da</strong> nawilobriv kolumbiis, argentinis <strong>da</strong> Ciles teritoriebi.<br />
4. potugaliis kolona iyo brazilia.<br />
espaneTis koloniebi iyo: argentina, peru, Cile, boliva, urugvai, paragvai, meqsika <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
7. avstralias axal holandias imitom uwodeben, rom misi sanapiroebi pirvelad holandielebma<br />
moinaxules.<br />
§ 4. 5.<br />
1. turistTa raodenobisa <strong>da</strong> Semosavlis TvalsazrisiT wamyvani qveynebia: aSS, safrangeTi,<br />
espaneTi, italia, didi britaneTi, germania <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
2. am qveynebis didi popularoba ucxoeb turistTa TvalSi upirvelesad gamoiwva, rogorc<br />
bunebrivma faqtorebma (klimaturi pirobebi, reliefi <strong>da</strong> a. S.) agreTve istoriul-arqiteqturuli<br />
Zeglebis siuxvem <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove komunikaciisa <strong>da</strong> infrastruqturis ganviTarebam.<br />
3. sazRvao turistuli qveynebia: espaneTi, safrangeTi, brazilia, italia, aSS.<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro turizmis qveynebia: avstria, italia, aSS, kana<strong>da</strong>, norvegia, SvedeTi.<br />
sakruizo regionebia: xmelTaSua zRvis <strong>da</strong> karibis zRvis regionebi.<br />
5. sqema<br />
droebiT gasaCerebeli<br />
mogzaurobis miznebi adgilebi<br />
satransporto saSualebebi<br />
warsulSi dRes warsulSi dRes warsulSi dRes<br />
momlocveloba,teritoriebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>pyroba,<br />
religiebis<br />
gavrceleba,<br />
axali miwebis<br />
aRmoCena <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv.<br />
momlocveloba,axaliqveynebis<br />
gacnoba,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
RonisZiebeb-<br />
Si monawileoba<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
fundukebSi,<br />
qarvaslebSi,<br />
bunebaSi <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva.<br />
86 87<br />
sastumro,<br />
kempingi, moteli,<br />
kerZo<br />
saxlebi <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv.<br />
cxeni, aqlemi,<br />
navi, gemi<br />
transportis<br />
yvela saxeoba<br />
Tavi V – transporti <strong>da</strong> vaWroba<br />
§ 5. 1<br />
2. swored transportis saSualebiT xdeba nebismieri samrewvelo Tu sasoflo sameurneo<br />
produqciis erTi adgili<strong>da</strong>n meoreze ga<strong>da</strong>tana <strong>da</strong> aseve sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis produqciis momxarebelTan<br />
miwodeba.<br />
3. nebismieri qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTareba iwvevs ama Tu im qveyanaSi satransporto komunikaciebis<br />
ganviTarebas. Tu qveyana ekonomikurad ganviTarebulia, bunebrivia iq ganviTarebuli<br />
iqneba satransporto saSualebebic.<br />
4. nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis ganviTareba warmoudgenelia satransporto saSualebebis ganviTarebis<br />
gareSe. ase rom transports ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi erT-erTi wamyvani pozicia ukavia.<br />
5. mTiani regionebSi yvelaze mosaxerxebelia saavtomobilo <strong>da</strong> sahaero transportis (vertmfrenebi),<br />
aseve sabagiro transportis ganviTareba.<br />
§ 5. 2.<br />
1. a) aRniSnul qveynebSi samdinaro transportis ganviTarebas upirveles yovlisa xels uwyobs<br />
bunebrivi pirobebi, kerZod ki reliefis Tavisebureba.<br />
b) samdinaro transporti ganviTarebuli ar aris mTian <strong>da</strong> aridul qveynebSi. mTian qveynebSi<br />
samdinaro transportis ganviTarebis saSualebas ar iZleva reliefi, aridul qveyanaSi ki mTavr<br />
rols klimaturi pirobebi asrulebs.<br />
2. a. sarkinigzo gzebis mxare: aSS, ruseTi, CineTi.<br />
sixSiris mxriv – belgia, niderlandebi, iaponia.<br />
b. sarkinigzo qseli sustad aris ganviTarebuli: centraluri afrikis qveynebSi.<br />
g. avstralia, alJiri, saudis arabeTi<br />
3. sarkinigzo gzebis sixSireze gavlena iqonia mosaxleobis simWidrovem <strong>da</strong> ekonomikis ganviTarebam.<br />
4. – saqarTvelos biujetSi garkveuli Tanxebis Semozidvas<br />
7. igi Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT iafi satransporto saSualebaa.<br />
9. saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli ar aris samdinaro transporti, ZiriT<strong>da</strong>d reliefis Taviseburebis<br />
gamo.<br />
10. tankerebis marSrutebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d iwyeba sparseTis yuri<strong>da</strong>n, sai<strong>da</strong>nac xdeba msoflioSi<br />
mopovebuli navTobis transportireba ganviTarebuli samyarosaken. es ZiriTadi xazebi miuyveba
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