saqarTvelosa da msoflios geografia 8 - Ganatleba
saqarTvelosa da msoflios geografia 8 - Ganatleba
saqarTvelosa da msoflios geografia 8 - Ganatleba
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5. amazonis <strong>da</strong>blobi ekvatorul klimatur sartyelSi mdebareobs, sa<strong>da</strong>c atmosferuli naleqebis<br />
raodenoba 1500-3000 mm-ia, zogjer metic. swored es faqtori ganapirobebs amazonis<br />
teritoriis tenianobas.<br />
6. a) tropikul klimatur sartyelSi gamoiyofa Semdegi havis olqebi: braziliis zeganis<br />
samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi notio tropikuli havis olqi, wynari okeanis mxareze sanapiro<br />
u<strong>da</strong>bnos hava, xolo maT Soris, Si<strong>da</strong> vakeebsa <strong>da</strong> andebis Si<strong>da</strong> zegnebze kontinenturi tropikuli<br />
havis olqi.<br />
subtropikuli havis sartyelSi subtropikuli havis sami olqia; <strong>da</strong>savleT periferiaze –<br />
xmelTaSuazRviuri, aRmosavleT periferiaze – notio subtropikuli, xolo maT Soris – kontinentur-subtropikuli.<br />
zomier sartyelSi havis ori olqia: andebis <strong>da</strong>sevleTiT, wynari okeanis sanapiroze okeanuri<br />
(zRviuri) havis olqia, andebi<strong>da</strong>n aRmosavleTiT, patagoniis zegansa <strong>da</strong> atlantis okeanis sanapiroze<br />
ki zomieri kontinenturi.<br />
b) samxreT tropikis gaswvriv tropikuli klimaturi sartyelia, romelic havis sami olqiTaa<br />
warmodgenili: notio tropikuli (braziliis zegnis samxreT-aRmosavleTi), sanapiro u<strong>da</strong>bnos<br />
(wynari okeanis mxares) <strong>da</strong> maT Soris kontinenturi tropikuli havis olqi. 45 0 -iani paralelis<br />
gaswvriv zomieri sartyelia, sa<strong>da</strong>c havis ori tipia: andebis <strong>da</strong>savleTiT <strong>da</strong> wynari okeanis sanapiroze<br />
okeanuri havaa, andebi<strong>da</strong>n aRmosavleTiT, patagoniis zegansa <strong>da</strong> atlantis okeanis sanapiroze<br />
– zomieri kontinenturi.<br />
g) samxreT amerikis kontinentze atmosferuli naleqebis ganawilebis procesSi andebs udidesi<br />
roli aqvs: igi warmoadgens klimatur bariers <strong>da</strong> xels uwyobs okeaneebi<strong>da</strong>n wamosuli haeris masebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
naleqebis warmoqmnas. kontinenti Riaa atlantis okeani<strong>da</strong>n wamosuli haeris masebisTvis,<br />
xolo wynari okeani<strong>da</strong>n haeris masebis SemoWras xels uSlis andebi.<br />
gv. 45<br />
7. samxreT amerikis kontinentis mTavari walgamyofi qedia andebi.<br />
8. samxreT amerikis kontinentis mdinareTa gansakuTrebuli wyaluxvoba kontinentze atmosferuli<br />
naleqebis didi raodenobiT aixsneba.<br />
gv. 46<br />
10. a) ekvatoruli andebis rogorc aRmosavleT ise <strong>da</strong>savleT kalTebze, 1000 m simaRlemde<br />
gavrcelebuli teniani ekvatoruli tyeebi, aRmosavleT kalTebze tenian ekvatorul tyeebs mosdevs<br />
tropikuli mTis tyeebi, romelic adgili ara gvxvdeba <strong>da</strong>savleT kalTebze.<br />
b) amis mizezia atmosferuli naleqebis didi raodenoba andebis aRmosavleT kalTebze vidre<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleT kalTebze.<br />
g) centraluri andebis <strong>da</strong>savleT kalTebze 100 m simaRlemde gavrcelebulia u<strong>da</strong>bnos zona,<br />
romelsac 2000 m simaRli<strong>da</strong>n mosdevs naxevaru<strong>da</strong>bnos zona, aRmosavleT kalTebze teniani ekvatorul<br />
tyeebis zona mSrali tropikuli tyeebis zoniT icvleba.<br />
gv. 48<br />
11. samxreT amerikis kontinentze yvelaze didi koloniebi hqon<strong>da</strong>T espaneTsa <strong>da</strong> portugalias.<br />
1. 6. 11 naxazis mixedviT am koloniaTa farTobebi gacilebiT meti iyo vidre metropolebis far-<br />
Tobebi.<br />
12. amJamad samxreT amerikis qveynebSi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d saubroben espanur enaze, braziliaSi – portugaliur<br />
enaze.<br />
13. a) brazilia, argentina, peru.<br />
b) kolumbia, ekvadori, peru, Cile.<br />
g) kolumbia, venesuela, gaiana, surinami, gviana, brazilia, urugvai, argentina.<br />
e) bolivia, paragvai.<br />
§ 1. 7.<br />
gv. 50<br />
1. a) afrikas ekvatori TiTqmis or tol nawilad yofs. grinviCis meridiani gadis kontinetis<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleT nawilSi, amitom afrikis udidesi nawili aRmosavleT naxevarsferoSi, xolo misi mcire<br />
nawili <strong>da</strong>savleT naxevarsferoSia moqceuli.<br />
b) afrikis kontinenti moqceulia C. g. 35 0 <strong>da</strong> s. g. 35 0 paralelebs Soris, <strong>da</strong> d. g. 20 0 <strong>da</strong> a. g. 60 0 -<br />
ian meridianebs Soris.<br />
g) afrikis kontinentis udidesi nawili CrdiloeT <strong>da</strong> samxreT tropikebs Sorisaa moqceuli,<br />
amitom igi yvelaze cxeli kontinentia.<br />
d) afrikas esazRvreba <strong>da</strong>savleTi<strong>da</strong>n atlantis okeane, aRmosavleTi<strong>da</strong>n – indoeTis okeane,<br />
CrdiloeTi<strong>da</strong>n – xmelTaSua zRva, aRmosavleTi<strong>da</strong>n – wiTeli zRva <strong>da</strong> adenis yure, xolo <strong>da</strong>savleTi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
– gvineis yure.<br />
e) afrikis sanapiro xazi naklebad <strong>da</strong>nawevrebulia, aq gamoirCeva somalis naxevarkunZuli.<br />
kunZulebi<strong>da</strong>n aRsaniSnavia ma<strong>da</strong>gaskari. afrikis Crdilo-<strong>da</strong>savleTiT mdebareobs madieras, kanaris<br />
<strong>da</strong> azoris kunZulebi. aRmosavleTiT seiSelisa <strong>da</strong> komoris kunZulebi.<br />
2. a) afrikis ganfeniloba CrdiloeTi<strong>da</strong>n samxreTisken 20 0 -ian meridianis gaswvriv gradusebSi<br />
tolia C. g. 22 0 -<strong>da</strong>n s. g. 35 0 -mde e. i. 57 0 -is, kilometrebSi 57X111,3=6344,1 km.<br />
b) ekvatoris gaswvriv afrikis ganfeniloba gradusebSi toli iqneba: a. g. 9 0 <strong>da</strong> a. g. 43 0 -s Soris<br />
e. i. 34 0 -is, rac kilometrebSi udris 34X111,3=3,784,2 km.<br />
g) C. g. 23,5 0 ; s. g. 23,5 0 CrdiloeT <strong>da</strong> samxreT tropikebs Soris 47 0 -ia, romelic (47X102,3) 4808,1<br />
km-s udris.<br />
3. el-abiadis – C. g. 37 0 20’<br />
nemsas – s. g. 34 0 52’<br />
ras-xafunis – a. g. 51 0 23’<br />
almadis – d. g. 17 0 32’<br />
4. afrikis udidesi nawili mdebareobs aRmosavleT naxevarsferoSi, mcire nawili ki <strong>da</strong>savleT<br />
naxevarsferoSi, xolo samxreT amerika mTlianad <strong>da</strong>savleT naxevarsferoSia. afrika TiTqmis<br />
Tanabrad aris ganfenili Crdilo <strong>da</strong> samxreT naxevarsferoebSi, samxreT amerikis udidesi nawili<br />
ki samxreT naxevarsferoSia.<br />
gv. 51<br />
5. afrikis safuZvels baqani warmoadgens, amitom masiuri <strong>da</strong> erTferovani reliefiT gamoirCeva.<br />
aq Warbobs vake reliefi.<br />
gv. 52<br />
7. a) ekvatorTan gamavali izoTerma mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi +25 0 C-s Seesabameba, CrdiloeT<br />
tropikTan gamavali izoTerma aseve +25 0 C-s, xolo samxreT tropikis izoTerma ki – +12+14 0 C-s.<br />
b) haeris temperaturis absoluturi maqsimumi + 58 0 C <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebulia afrikis CrdiloeTSi,<br />
libiaSi, CrdiloeT tropikis maxloblad.<br />
8. a) afrikis ukiduresi CrdiloeTi xmelTaSuazRvispira zoli <strong>da</strong> ukiduresi samxreTi nawili<br />
moqceulia subtropikul klimatur sartyelSi. ekvatoruli sartyeli moicavs gvineis yuris viwro<br />
sanapiro zolis <strong>da</strong> md. kongos auzs. subekvatoruli klimaturi sartylebi vrceldeba ekvatoris<br />
CrdiloeTiT <strong>da</strong> samxreTiT <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 15 0 -20 0 <strong>da</strong>SorebiT. tropikuli sartylebi moicavs yvelaze<br />
did farTobs.<br />
b) ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d vake reliefi.<br />
9. ekvatorul klimatur sartyelSi mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi gabatonebulia Tbili <strong>da</strong> notio<br />
ekvatoruli haeris masebi <strong>da</strong> havis erTaderTi tipi – ekvatoruli. heris temperatura mTeli wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi maRalia 26 0 -28 0 , xolo naleqebis raodenoba 2000 mm-s aRemateba.<br />
10. subekvatorul klimatur sartyelSi mkafiod aris gamoxatuli zafxulis notio <strong>da</strong> zamTris<br />
mSrali periodebi, rac <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sezonebSi gabatonebuli haeris masebis cvalebadobasTan.<br />
haeris temperatura mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi 20 0 -ze maRalia, atmosferuli naleqebis raodenoba<br />
800 mm-mdea. tropikuli klimaturi sartylebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>Rmavali <strong>da</strong> mSrali pasatebi. zafxulSi haeris temperatura 40 0 -s <strong>da</strong> ufro mets aRwevs. libaSia<br />
<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli temperaturis absoluturi maqsimumi (58 0 ). zamTarSi saSualo temperatura 12-15 0 -<br />
ia. naleqebis raodenoba 10-15 mm weliwadSi.<br />
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