Sayı 11- Ocak/Mart 2013 - Antalya Rehberler Odası

ence in use of the graywackesin the workshop varied fromone stage to another, theywere in demand both in Anatoliaand in the Eastern Mediterranean.The nomadic andsemi-nomadic communities ofthe period came to Kaletepeon seasonal trips, establishingtemporary shelters, and producedhere the types of toolsemployed in the activities ofhunter-gatherers, such as arrows,spear-heads, scrapers,and axes in accordance withtheir needs. Different types oftools that were found in theworkshop have proved that differentpopulation groups camehere from the different regionsof Anatolia and beyond, andproduced tools. Of course, duringthe course of these activities,the human communitiesshaped by different regionshad the opportunity to cometogether, and they becameculturally acquainted with eachother through this exchange oftechnology, and perhaps in thecourse of time they developedlong-term business relationships.In accordance with the facilitiesprovided by the workshop,Kaletepe became oneof the centers of its age andespecially in the trade in obsidianand it organized thetrade of obsidian. Kaletepe isalso important in terms of representingthe oldest knownAcheuléen community outsideof Africa. The fact that differentgroups of Homo Erectus havebeen found in Kaletepe belongingto different levels of life,has shown that Kaletepe representsthe longest Paleolithicsequence found in Anatolia todate. Kaletepe is also importantin terms of demonstrating thatthere were groups that evolveddifferently, at least in technicalsense, during the course of theLower Paleolithic Age.In this article, about thirty centersdating from the PaleolithicAge were determined in Cappadocia,the boundaries ofwhich we have already drawn.Although these centers, whichwere not investigated throughexcavation, do not appear tohave a functioned as workshops,yet they must havebeen within the cultural orbitaround Kaletepe.The Neolithic Age: ClimaticCharacteristics in Cappadociaand Komurcu/Kaletepeduring the Process of formationof the oldest villagesThe epi-Palaeolithic communitiesof the age of the communitiesof expert hunters betweenthe Paleolithic and Neolithicages established their firstvillages in the areas referredto as the Fertile Crescent, inSoutheastern Anatolia, the Levantand areas close to these,during the Pre Pottery Neolithic‘A’ (PPNA) Phase. Thesehuman communities, who stillremained hunter-gatherer,tried to resolve their raw materialdemands that they couldnot find in their immediatesurroundings, drawing froma much wider geography extendingfrom the MediterraneanSea to the Red Sea andIndia.There is no information aboutthe settlement of the first villagecommunities in Cappadocia,but it has been revealedthat production occurred in theKaletepe workshop during theEarly PPNB. The workshopagain saw demand from humancommunities in and beyondAnatolia during this period;with tools originating fromKaletepe found in overseascenters of the period includingSyria, Levant and evenCyprus which are important inindicating the strategic positionof Cappadocia. The firstvillages of Cappadocia wereestablished in this period. Thechanging climatic conditionsand the Climatic Optimum (favorableclimatic conditions)offered through these climaticconditions were also effectivein establishing these settlementsfrom where Kaletepecould be reached over a relativelyshort distance to obtaina share of the obsidian trade,to take advantage of the rawmaterial and to arrange thisextensive trade organization.The favorable climatic condi-