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4. Onias, søn af Chelkias, embedsmand i den ptolemæiske administration
Sluttelig konkluderer jeg:
• Onias III grundlagde templet i Leontopolis 167-164 f.kr. under templets treårige kultiske
afbrydelse.
• Onias III blev ikke myrdet, men denne historie er epitomistens værk, der havde interesse i
at fremstille Onias III som martyr og ikke som en, der i modsætning til makkabæerne,
flygtede i de hårde tider og heller ikke kunne forene grundlæggelsen af Leontopolis med
Deuteronomiums normer, som epitomisten var tilhænger af.
• Templet i Leontopolis var mindst i den treårige periode fuldt anerkendt i Jerusalem og
blev senere ikke fuldt ud fordømt af alle kredse i Jerusalem, hvilket afspejles af
rabbinernes overvejelser 180 .
• Der var disputter om de templer, der lå uden for Jerusalem – disputter, der ikke
nødvendigvis drejede sig om berettigelse, men nærmere om autoritet og rang.
• Jøderne i Alexandria støttede Jerusalemtemplet, - måske for at distancere sig fra de
leontopolitiske jødiske lejesoldater (hvorvidt det igen er sin egen holdning, Josefus her
udtrykker med hjælp fra 3 Makkabæerbog (elefanthistorien) er usikkert).
• Leontopolisfolket benægtede ikke a priori Jerusalems særlige (senere) status.
• Oniaderne i Egypten var militaristiske og nød så stor gunst hos Kleopatra, at de blev
generaler, og havde i øvrigt relativt stor indflydelse på periodens politiske tildragelser.
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Et ekko af det, skisma der fik Onias III til at flygte til Egypten og dér grundlægge Leontopolis,
findes måske også i Damaskus Dokumentet 181 :
Col. iv 1 Zadok who PDLQWDLQHG WKH VHUYLFH RI P\ WHPSOH when the children of Israel strayed 2 far away from me,
shall offer the fat and the bloodª 7KH SULHVWV DUH WKH FRQYHUWV RI ,VUDHO ZKR OHIW WKH ODQG RI -XGDK DQG ½WKH OHYLWHV¾
DUH WKRVH ZKR MRLQHG WKHP DQG WKH VRQV RI =DGRN DUH WKH FKRVHQ RI ,VUDHO ©WKRVH FDOOHG E\ QDPHª ZKR VWRRG XS
DW WKH HQG RI GD\V This is the detailed list 5 of their names, according to their genealogies and the age of their existence
and the number of their miseries and the years of 6 their residence, and the detailed list of their deeds of holiness. ‹These
are the very› first, for whom 7 God atoned, and who declared the just man as just, and declared the wicked as wicked, and
all those who entered after them 8 in order to act according to the exact interpretation of the law in which the very first were
instructed until 9 the period of these years is complete. According to the covenant which God established with the very first,
in order to atone 10 for their sins, so will God atone for them. But when the period corresponding to the number of these
years is complete, 11 WKHUH ZLOO QR ORQJHU EH DQ\ MRLQLQJ ZLWK WKH KRXVH RI -XGDK EXW UDWKHU HDFK RQH VWDQGLQJ XS RQ
KLV ZDWFKWRZHU 7KH ZDOO LV EXLOW WKH ERXQGDU\ IDU DZD\ $QG GXULQJ WKHVH \HDUV %HOLDO ZLOO EH VHQW DJDLQVW
,VUDHO as God has said by means of the prophet Isaiah, son of 14 Amoz, saying: Isa 24:17 «Panic, pit and net against you,
earth-dweller». Blank ..
Zadok = Onias III (zadokit)
Maintained the service = i Leontopolis eller Jerusalem
Left the land of Judah = for Leontopolis
House of Judah = hasmonæerne
sons of Zadok/those called by name = "Onias´s party" (Ant. 13.10.4-5)/oniaderne
Watchtower = både Leontopolis og Araq el-Emir beskrives af Josefus som tårne; War (Leontopolis; 7.10.3.)
Boundary far away = Egypten (ikke Qumran)
Damascus = Leontopolis
Belial = Antiokus Epifanes
Esajas 24:17 = Onias III´s brug af samme profet i retfærdiggørelsen af Leontopolis (Esajas 19:18-19)
Og måske er det Onias-skismaet der omtales i Apocryphon of Joseph (4Q372
[4QapocrJoseph a ]) 182 :
Frag 1 :1 [ ][ ] 2 he who does [ ]; foreigners [ ] 3 and the priests of foreign gods and they honour those who serve [idols] 4
the Most High, and he delivered them into the hands of the nations in order to [ and he dispersed them] 5 in all the countries
and among all [the peoples he scattered them They did not enter] 6 Israel. And he uprooted them from the land [ ] [from
the place to him; they did not allow them to rest] 7 The nations were given a place in the valley of the vision and [ Zion,
180 Bickerman, "The Jews in the Greek age", s.239 nævner, at rabbinerne anerkendte præsternes legitimitet.
181 Tekst fra Florentino Garciea Martinez 1996, The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated, E. J. Brill, Leiden s.35
182 Tekst fra Florentino Garciea Martinez 1996, The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated, E. J. Brill, Leiden s.225
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