om e 's Ali a - Land ss De elo en - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, India Office

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94 Women’s Alienation entails more powerful blasting than usually required. This leads to huge pits being created which then need to be filled. The debris is often thrown down the mountain, destroying the forest on the slopes of mountains. The natural inclination of the hill face is also disturbed by road cutting operations. Destabilising the terrain has resulted in many roads getting buried during recent earthquakes beneath rubble that was initially loosened when the roads were blasted through the mountains. Additionally, road construction, together with quarrying has greatly disfigured the mountain landscape, and the ensuing traffic pollution is expected to affect wildlife severely. At times the construction of roads frequently cuts across debrisflow tracks. The result is that debris is dumped on the roads in every surge, particularly during monsoons. When enough debris has accumulated to block the road, it is pushed down on to the lower slopes to clear the road. Besides causing traffic hindrance, this also destroys the natural vegetationecosystem on the lower slopes. As a result of ecologically unsound methods of constructing roads, a large number of roadside trees are falling down. Improper road construction results in soil erosion, which, in turn, leads to uprooting of large trees and degeneration of lower plants. This can cause serious ecological imbalance, adversely affecting run-off factors, temperature gradient, surface radiation etc. Exploitation of Forests Historically, roads have been developed with the objective of providing access to valuable resources hidden in a region. Even when the roads are not built primarily to provide access to valuable resources such as forests, they often lead rapidly to new pressures on resources by implication, if not by design. There is growing realisation that roads not only destroy the environment but also provide little financial return for locals in exchange for a heavy ecological price. Local groups and one regional political party have begun to protest such development priorities.
Table 19: Diversions of Forests for Different Developmental Activities in Uttarakhand Process of Land Alienation Years Irrigation Hydropower Road Communication Mining Drinking Other Total Projects Projects Construction Projects Projects water schemes (in ha.) Projects schemes 1981-82 4 - 2 - - - 768 774 1982-83 14 - 134 111 - 1 414 674 1983-84 11 85 92 32 2 4 6 232 1984-85 7 0 70 39 2 3 1878 1999 1985-86 1 - 61 18 - - 2 82 1986-87 332 1303 210 49 - 4 137 2035 1987-88 5 3050 4 0 - 0 50 3109 1988-89 7 155 2 3 1547 10 6 1730 1989-90 19 0 88 1 4089 24 7 4228 1990-91 7 3 114 203 209 3 2 541 1991-92 3 2 7 3 - 3 1 19 1992-93 1 - 18 3 - 2 248 272 1993-94 7 - 102 - - 7 706 822 1994-95 2 - 174 1 - 6 4 187 1995-96 6 0 123 - - 8 2 139 1996-97 3 449 113 21 - 17 3 606 1997-98 1 - 76 2 14 1 94 1998-99 1 - 188 50 - 10 18 267 1999- 5 10 308 671 2451 12 147 3604 2000 2000- 2 29 423 1 59 18 1210 1742 2001 Total 438 5086 2309 1208 8359 146 5610 23156 Source: State Forestry Statistics, 2001 95
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Women’s Alienation - Land Less De
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© Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2009 T
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iv Study Team Balaji Pandey Jagaban
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vi In order to facilitate the discu
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Introduction Government machinery u
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Minimum Cost (APMC) Act will only d
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Table 1: Diversion of Agricultural
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The state of Uttarakhand has become
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hectares each, five of them in Alwa
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• t o a s s e s s w o m e n ’s
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Impact of Aggressive Growth Growing
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women’s rights with regard to lan
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the natural resources, suffer more.
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peculiar problem hitherto unheard o
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ole of breadwinners for the family,
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of livelihood. The affected people
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Women are turning to construction l
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According to a survey conducted by
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owned resource meant primarily for
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their source of livelihood - mainly
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Rs. 10,000 remained with her, thiev
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Corporation (NHPC) in 1980. The NHP
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Jharkhand now has become a hot belt
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factory owner and administration ke
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The state administration has arrest
Page 53 and 54: i.e. mixed population, urbanisation
Page 55 and 56: insisted on a dialogue only after N
Page 57 and 58: In sum, it was a total reign of ter
Page 59 and 60: was also organised involving samiti
Page 61 and 62: into a meeting. According to Rashmi
Page 63 and 64: and socio-cultural systems. Protect
Page 65 and 66: to a lathi-charge by the police. No
Page 67 and 68: six months extension to complete th
Page 69 and 70: did not include a leading protest g
Page 71 and 72: Organised Response Land Acquisition
Page 73 and 74: anner of ‘Save Mandana Struggle C
Page 75 and 76: Process of Land Alienation Jharkhan
Page 77 and 78: Interview: Dr Ram Dayal Munda Forme
Page 79 and 80: available land, power, water and co
Page 81 and 82: Process of Land Alienation Table 5:
Page 83 and 84: Chhattisgarh in 2000 needs to be se
Page 85 and 86: Table 8: Proposed New Large Industr
Page 87 and 88: The table shows clearly that the la
Page 89 and 90: the period from 2000 onwards witnes
Page 91 and 92: Process of Land Alienation New Proj
Page 93 and 94: Process of Land Alienation Pherroch
Page 95 and 96: under agriculture accounts for only
Page 97 and 98: when capitalism and imperialism had
Page 99 and 100: arred from using, are used by the s
Page 101 and 102: Process of Land Alienation Breeding
Page 103: Proposals Galore for Industries in
Page 107 and 108: Table 20: Land Grabbing in the Name
Page 109 and 110: ha. in the Garhwal zone. There are
Page 111 and 112: lots of employment opportunities fo
Page 113 and 114: Process of Land Alienation Table 22
Page 115 and 116: economic rights of Scheduled Castes
Page 117 and 118: esources in Rajasthan, having poten
Page 119 and 120: Table 23: Approved Sezs in Rajastha
Page 121 and 122: tourists and by the year 2012 an ad
Page 123 and 124: Table 25: Land to be Acquired by Ja
Page 125 and 126: Table 29: Land Acquired for Farmhou
Page 127 and 128: Process of Land Alienation Gardens
Page 129 and 130: is not only the JDA but the whole s
Page 131 and 132: will have to deposit 40 per cent of
Page 133 and 134: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendat
Page 135 and 136: state governments are promising all
Page 137 and 138: propounded and being put into pract
Page 139 and 140: y. The result is that the agricultu
Page 141 and 142: Selected Bibliography Selected Bibl
Page 143 and 144: Frontline (2007): Dark Side of Mini
Page 145 and 146: Selected Bibliography Ibid., (2004)
Page 147 and 148: Selected Bibliography Nayak, Ramesh
Page 149 and 150: Process of Land Alienation Shiva, D
Page 151 and 152: Process of Land Alienation Women an
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2 Women’s Alienation
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om e 's Ali a - Land ss De elo en - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, India Office

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